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FTY  BENEVOLENT  AND  SOCIAL 
INSTITUTIONS  IN  AND  NEAR 
NEW  YORK 

BRIEF  GUIDE 
FOR  VISITORS 


BY 

MARY  GRACE  WORTHINGTON 


NEW   YORK 
191  5 


'M'~^^^M^<'t$S 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 

in  2007  with  funding  from 
i        IVIicrosoft  Corporation 


FIFTY  BENEVOLENT  AND  SOCIAL 
INSTITUTIONS  IN  AND  NEAR 
NEW  YORK 

A  BRIEF  GUIDE 
FOR  VISITORS 


BY 

MARY  GRACE  WORTHINGTON 


NEW  YORK 
1915 


^. 


^?* 


INTRODUCTION 

This  manual  describes  j&fty  representative  public  and 
private  institutions  and  activities  in  and  near  New  York 
City  which  care  for  the  various  classes  in  society  for 
whom  special  provision  is  necessary. 

The  institutions  described  are  not  presented  as  ideal. 
They  are  simply  some  of  those  which  have  been  visited 
by  the  students  of  the  New  York  School  of  Philanthropy, 
either  as  readily  accessible  examples  of  particular  types  or 
as  illustrating  the  subject-matter  of  a  course  of  lectures. 
Thus,  one  may  be  an  example  of  an  institution  under 
religious  auspices;  another,  of  one  on  the  congregate  or 
on  the  cottage  plan.  An  effort  is  made  to  show  the  work 
of  different  agencies  caring  for  the  same  special  class  or 
group. 

Equal  emphasis  is  laid  on  the  treatment  of  the  child  in 
public  and  trade  schools  and  on  the  treatment  of  the 
afflicted  and  destitute  in  institutions.  A  few  activities 
of  city  departments,  one  federal,  and  two  state  institu- 
tions, are  included. 

Organizations  are  arranged  alphabetically,  under  class 
headings  which  are  also  alphabetically  arranged.  For 
instance,  the  exact  titles  of  organizations  caring  for  the 
blind  will  be  found  in  al^l^^betical  order  under  the  head- 
ing Blind.  3/459^i-G 


4  INTRODUCTION 

The  object  of  each  society  is  given,  as  set  forth  in  its 
official  statement,  with  a  brief  description  of  its  institu- 
tional buildings  and  its  methods  of  work.  Information  is 
given  in  regard  to  procuring  permission  to  inspect,  to- 
gether with  the  best  time  to  visit  and  directions  how  to 
reach  the  institution. 

An  appendix  contains  suggestive  questions  to  keep  in 
mind  in  visiting:  A,  Almshouses  and  Homes  for  the 
Aged;  B.  Orphan  Asylums  and  Homes  for  Children; 
C.  Penitentiaries  and  Prisons;  D,  Reformatories  for 
Children;  E.  Tenement  Houses. 

In  another  appendix  suggestions  are  given  as  to 
possible  combinations  of  excursions  to  several  institu- 
tions in  the  same  neighborhood.  An  alphabetical  index 
of  agencies  is  to  be  found  at  the  end. 


ALMSHOUSES 


ALMSHOUSES 


New  York  City  Farm  Colony,  Castleton  Corners,  Staten  Island. 
Telephone,  Newdorp  384.  Under  the  Department  of  Public 
Charities. 

Superintendent:  Joseph  D.  FHck. 

The  Farm  Colony  is  an  almshouse  for  the  semi-able-bodied  desti- 
tute aged  men  and  couples.  The  inmates  are  largely  men  who  are 
able  to  perform  some  labor  and  thus  to  contribute  toward  their  own 
support.  They  are  employed  according  to  their  abiUty  in  farming, 
gardening,  building,  making  roads,  etc.,  and  in  the  general  work  of  the 
institution.  Unattached  women  have  been  transferred  to  the  City 
Home,  Blackweirs  Island. 

There  are  32  buildings  for  the  housing  of  the  inmates  and  the 
employees,  situated  in  the  midst  of  fertile  farm  land.  Three  cottages 
contain  rooms  for  respectable,  destitute,  married  couples  and  three 
more  are  to  be  built.  These  are  on  a  hill  above  the  other  part  of  the 
colony,  in  grounds  joining  Sea  View  Hospital. 

Seventy  acres  of  land  are  under  cultivation  and  twenty  per  cent, 
of  the  inmates  work  in  the  gardens.  Several  new  buildings  have  been 
constructed  by  inmate  labor,  large  pig-pens  have  been  built  and  four 
hundred  hogs  are  now  kept.  The  heating  plant  of  Sea  View  Hospital 
will  probably  be  used  for  the  heating  of  both  institutions. 

Capacity:  1325. 

Supported  by  appropriation  from  the  City  of  New  York.  In- 
spected by  the  State  Board  of  Charities,  Department  of  Health, 
and  State  Charities  Aid  Association. 

For  permission  to  visit,  write  or  telephone  the  Commissioner  of 
Public  Charities,  Hon.  John  A.  Kingsbury,  Municipal  Building, 
Centre  and  Chambers  Streets,  Telephone  Worth  4440. 


6  ALMSHOUSES 

Take  Staten  Island  boat  at  South  Ferry  to  St.  George;  Staten 
Island,  electric  car  marked  Silver  Lake  to  Castleton  Corners  where 
cabs  can  generally  be  had. 

Time:  One  hour  and  twenty  minutes  from  South  Ferry  to  reach 
institution. 

Sea  View  Hospital  adjoins  the  grounds  of  the  Farm  colony  and 
can  be  seen  the  same  day  if  arrangements  are  made  beforehand. 
See  page  81. 

New  York  City  Home  for  the  Aged  and  Infirm,  BlackwelFs 
Island.  Telephone,  Plaza  8150.  Under  the  Department  of 
Pubhc  Charities. 

Superintendent:  Edward  E.  McMahon. 

The  institution  is  for  destitute  adult  persons  unable  to  earn  their 
own  living,  and  whose  relatives  are  unable  to  support  them.  About 
one-third  of  the  people  in  this  institution  are  helpless,  bed-ridden  or 
chronic  invalids;  the  other  two-thirds  are  people  able  to  go  about  but 
unable  to  do  any  considerable  amount  of  work.  It  is  an  example  of 
an  almshouse  that  has  to  some  extent  succeeded  in  removing  from 
the  institution  the  unsuitable  classes. 

The  institution  which  is  beautifully  situated  on  Blackwell's  Island, 
opposite  68th  Street,  71st  Street,  New  York,  is  made  up  of  about 
forty-three  buildings  placed  among  trees  and  lawns  in  nineteen  acres 
of  land.  The  oldest  buildings  were  erected  in  1846.  It  is  on  the 
congregate  plan,  with  large  separate  almshouses  for  men  and  women, 
but  with  an  increasing  amount  of  classification  of  the  inmates  affected 
with  various  infirmities  into  different  buildings  and  wards. 

There  are  wards  for  the  blind  and  the  senile,  buildings  are  re- 
served for  cripples  and  epileptics  and  in  the  Central  and  Neurological 
Hospital  there  are  eight  buildings  with  ten  wards  for  segregating 
various  classes  of  patients. 

The  grounds  have  been  greatly  improved  by  new  roads  and  cement 
walks.    This  work  has  been  done  by  men  from  the  penitentiary  and 


the  work-house  and  by  almshouse  inmates.  Open  spaces  have  been 
provided  where  the  women  can  sit  out  of  doors  in  the  sim,  and  a  new 
extension,  entirely  enclosed  by  windows,  has  been  added  to  the 
North  Pavilion,  making  airy  dining  rooms  and  sun  parlors  for  the 
crippled  women.    There  is  also  a  day  room  for  men. 

Capacity:  3000;  about  one-third  of  whom  are  women. 

The  work  of  the  institution  is  done  by  the  semi-able-bodied  in- 
mates with  the  help  of  a  few  paid  employees.  The  men  do  the  cook- 
ing, baking,  work  ia  a  tailor  shop  and  shoe  shop.  The  women  do 
the  sewing  and  make  all  the  clothes  for  the  women  and  the  under- 
clothes for  the  men. 

Supported  by  appropriation  from  the  City  of  New  York. 

Inspected  by  the  State  Board  of  Charities,  Department  of  Health 
and  State  Charities  Aid  Association. 

Write  for  a  pass  to  the  Commissioner  of  PubHc  Charities,  Hon. 
John  A.  Kingsbury,  Municipal  Building,  Centre  and  Chambers 
Streets,  New  York.     Telephone,  Worth  4440. 

Boats  leave  70th  Street  and  the  East  River  daily  every  half  hour 
from  7:30' A.  m.  to  12  p.  m.    No  charge. 


BLIND 

Classes  for  Blind  Children,  under  the  Board  of  Education. 

Inspector  of  Classes  for  Bhnd  Children,  Miss  Frances  E. 
Moscript. 

These  classes  aim  to  give  bUnd  children  the  same  educational 
privileges  that  normal  children  enjoy.  They  are  limited  to  ten 
children  in  a  centre.  Individual  instruction  is  given  in  Braille, 
type-writing  and  manual  work.  The  blind  children  are  distributed 
among  the  classes  for  normal  children  according  to  their  ability 
to  take  up  the  grade  work,  and  they  are  rated  by  the  regular  grade 
teacher.    The  Board  of  Education  prints  their  textbooks  in  Braille. 


3  BLIND 

Up  to  the  present  time  no  provision  has  been  made  for  teaching 
music  to  blind  children  in  the  schools,  although  many  of  the  children 
receive  musical  instruction  from  outside  agencies. 

There  were  one  hundred  and  twenty  blind  pupils  registered  in 
Manhattan  in  1914-15.  In  greater  New  York  there  will  be  nineteen 
centres  for  the  blind  with  an  enrollment  of  over  two  hundred  at  the 
beginning  of  the  school  term,  September,  1915. 

In  Public  School  No.  17,  327  West  47th  Street,  New  York  (Tele- 
phone, Bryant  4888)  there  is  a  class  of  nine  bhnd  children.  In  June, 
1915,  there  were  seven  girls  and  two  boys  from  six  to  fifteen  years  of 
age  attending  this  class.  The  room  is  on  the  second  floor  and  is 
furnished  with  special  adjustable  seats  and  desks.  The  children  are 
taught  some  manual  training,  typewriting,  the  use  of  the  hand  loom, 
weaving  rugs  and  sewing.  Very  careful  physical  training  is  given 
and  special  attention  is  paid  to  posture  and  facial  expression. 
Demonstration  of  special  work  will  be  given  by  the  children  at  the 
request  of  the  teacher.  Miss  Mary  G.  Walsh,  but  the  students  do 
the  grade  work  in  classes  with  the  seeing  children.  They  take  part 
in  the  folk  dancing  and  dramatic  work  to  which  this  school  gives  a 
good  deal  of  attention.  In  the  graduating  exercises  in  1915,  two 
bhnd  girls  took  part  in  a  play. 

Supported  by  appropriation  from  the  City  of  New  York. 

For  permission  to  visit,  write  or  telephone  to  the  school.  Principal, 
Miss  Kate  A.  McCann. 

Any  morning  except  Saturday  and  Sunday,  before  10  o'clock,  is  the 
best  time  to  visit. 

Other  pubhc  schools  having  classes  for  the  blind  are  Nos.  20, 
30,  44,  110,  166,  171,  186. 

Addresses  and  telphone  numbers  can  be  found  in  the  New  York 
City  telephone  directory  book  under  City  of  New  York  Public 
Schools. 

See  also  the  ungraded  class  in  School  No.  17. 


BLIND  9 

The  New  York  Association  for  the  Blind.  Light  House  No.  1, 
111  East  59th  Street,  New  York  City.  Telephone,  Plaza  3370. 
Under  the  control  of  a  Board  of  Directors.  President,  The 
Honorable  Joseph  H.  Choate. 

Secretary:  Miss  Winifred  Holt. 

The  Association  gives  service  regardless  of  race  or  creed.  Its 
object  is  to  prevent  unnecessary  blindness;  to  find  the  blind;  to  help 
the  blind  to  help  themselves,  and  to  give  relief  to  those  who  are  ill, 
aged  and  needy. 

Light  House  No.  1,  111  East  59th  Street,  was  built  in  1913.  It  is 
five  stories  high  and  has  a  clinic,  an  auditorium,  a  gymnasium,  a 
restaurant  and  roof  garden,  a  museum,  a  salesroom,  offices,  class  and 
work  rooms.  Classes  and  clubs  for  men,  women  and  children  are 
held  in  this  building.  It  issues  the  Searchlight,  a  child's  magazine 
printed  in  improved  Braille.  The  Light  House  is  open  week  days 
from  9  A.  M.  to  5  p.  m.  Guests  are  always  welcome.  The  Secretary 
may  be  found  Thursday  afternoons  after  4  o'clock  or  otherwise  by 
appointment. 

The  Association  maintains  census,  lecture,  ticket  and  clothing 
bureaus,  free  clinics,  a  staff  of  home  teachers,  a  social  service 
department  which  includes  doctors  and  nurses  and  works  in  con- 
junction with  other  organizations  to  relieve  the  blind. 

The  Association  has  a  workshop  for  blind  men  at  338  East  35th 
Street  (telephone  Plaza  3370),  where  they  are  instructed  in  broom- 
making,  chaircaning,  etc.  This  building  has  a  restaurant,  spray 
baths,  roof  garden,  etc.  It  has  also  a  tuning  school  for  youths 
and  men,  at  357  East  49th  Street,  as  well  as  a  summer  vacation 
home  on  the  Hudson. 

The  Association  is  supported  entirely  by  voluntary  contributions. 

New  York  Institute  for  the  Education  of  the  Blind,  34th  Street 
and  9th  Avenue,  Telephone,  Greeley  1992.  Under  the  control 
of  a  Board  of  Managers. 


10  BLIND 

Principal:  Edward  M.  Van  Cleve,  also  Managing  Director  of  the 
National  Committee  for  the  Prevention  of  Blindness. 

The  institution  is  interested  in  the  physical,  mental  and  moral 
education  of  the  young  blind  of  suitable  age  and  capacity.  It  aims 
to  train  them  in  ways  that  will  quahfy  them  for  citizenship  and  for 
the  duties  of  life. 

The  institution  occupies  several  acres  of  land  in  a  very  busy  part 
of  New  York  City.  The  buildings  were  built  in  1836  on  the  congre- 
gate plan  and  although  of  no  architectural  interest  externally  are 
dehghtfuUy  old-fashioned  inside,  low  ceihngs,  well-proportioned 
rooms,  quaint  carving  and  wide  spaces  everywhere.  Three  buildings 
join  the  main  facade:  the  middle  one  containing  the  dining  room, 
chapel,  etc.;  the  one  to  the  south,  the  girls'  quarters;  the  one  to  the 
north,  the  boys',  with  open  yards  between.  The  buildings  are  set 
back  from  the  street,  surrounded  by  a  picturesque  wall,  enclosing 
a  small  lawn  on  which  the  children  are  allowed  to  play  at  will.  New 
buildings,  on  the  cottage  plan  on  a  more  suitable  site,  are  being 
pushed  forward. 

More  emphasis  has  been  placed  upon  the  academic  and  musical 
education  of  the  children  than  on  their  industrial  training.  All  the 
elementary  subjects  including  history,  geography,  Enghsh,  also 
higher  English,  German  and  Latin,  algebra  and  geometry  are  taught, 
as  well  as  commercial  arithmetic  and  business  law.  Harmony, 
counterpoint,  organ  and  piano  practice  occupy  a  large  part  of  the 
training  of  those  students  with  musical  abihty.  The  industrial 
training  is  to  be  strengthened.  At  present  caning,  tuning,  mattress 
work,  cord  and  raffia  work,  machine  sewing,  knitting,  crocheting 
and  basketry  are  taught. 

Receive  boys  and  girls  from  eight  years  of  age. 

Capacity:  200.  Since  the  classes  for  blind  children  have  been 
started  by  the  Board  of  Education  the  number  of  children  has  de- 
creased.  110  were  enrolled  for  the  current  year. 

The  institution  is  privately  endowed  and  receives  per  capita  pay- 


CHURCHES  11 

ment  of  $350  for  the  support  of  the  New  York  State  pupils.  In- 
spected by  the  State  Board  of  Charities  and  Department  of 
Health. 

Visiting  day,  Wednesday,  9  a.  m. — 12  m.,  1 :30  p.  m. — 4  p.  m. 
For  permission  to  visit  on  any  day  but  Wednesday,  write  or  tele- 
phone to  the  institution. 

CHURCHES 

Saint  Bartholomew's  Parish  House  and  Clinic,  205-217  East 
42nd  Street,  New  York.  Telephone,  Murray  HiU  6220.  Under 
the  direction  of  St.  Bartholomew's  Protestant  Episcopal 
Church. 

Rector:  Rev.  Leighton  Parks. 

Pastor:  Rev.  Charles  B.  Ackley. 

General  Manager:  John  W.  Fiske. 

This  institution  is  a  large  church  settlement  house  in  which  a 
group  of  social  workers,  men  and  women,  assist  the  Rector  and 
Pastor  to  attend  to  the  various  activities  of  the  house.  St.  Bartholo- 
mew's is  the  largest  institutional  church  in  New  York  City. 

The  work  of  the  parish  house  is  in  general  non-sectarian,  but  a  large 
rehgious  work  is  carried  on.  There  is  a  chapel  on  the  first  floor  in 
which  three  services  are  held  on  Sunday  and  which  is  kept  open 
daily  for  private  prayer.  Sunday  school  and  confirmation  classes  are 
held,  there  is  a  large  volunteer  choir,  several  chapel  societies  made  up 
exclusively  of  members  of  the  chapel  and  the  younger  communicants, 
and  a  church  periodical  club.  Services  and  Sunday  schools  are  also 
held  for  Swedes,  Armenians  and  Chinese,  under  the  direction  of 
native  clergymen. 

The  parish  house,  dedicated  in  1891,  is  a  large  building  nine  stories 
high.  In  the  basement  is  the  loan  association  and  the  parish  press. 
The  first  and  second  floors  contain  the  information  office,  the  chapel 
and  Lyceum  Hall,  the  third  the  kindergarten,  the  fourth  the  cloth- 


12  CHURCHES 

ing  bureau,  the  fifth  the  girls'  club  rooms,  the  sixth  and  seventh 
the  men's  club  rooms,  the  eighth  the  boys'  club  rooms.  The  rooms 
on  the  ninth  are  used  by  the  pastor  and  the  staff  in  the  day  and  in 
the  evening  by  the  chapel  societies  and  clubs. 

A  clinic  building  adjoins  the  parish  house  where  both  medical 
and  surgical  cases  are  treated.  This  building  contains  also  a  few 
hospital  beds.    Fifty-five  thousand  treatments  were  given  in  1914. 

St.  Bartholomew's  clubs  for  girls,  boys  and  men  are  entirely  non- 
sectarian.  Their  quarters  are  most  comfortable,  with  baths,  gym- 
nasiums, Hbrary  and  bilUard  rooms.  The  girls  have  classes  in  cook- 
ing, sewing,  voice  culture,  Enghsh,  French,  dancing,  Uterature  and 
drawnwork.  The  men  have  clubs  in  civil  service,  literature,  a  discus- 
sion class  and  lectures.  The  boys  have  a  drill  room,  a  cadet  corps, 
drum  and  fife  corps,  and  debating  societies. 

Girls'  clubs  have  a  membership  of  1295 

Boys'  clubs  have  a  membership  of  721 

Men's  clubs  have  a  membership  of  503 


2519 

Kindergarten  has  a  membership  of  250 

The  parish  house  supphes  sewing  for  poor  women  and  has  a  relief 
bureau,  a  loan  association  run  on  business  principals,  a  provident 
penny  fund,  a  clothing  bureau,  a  sewing  school  and  a  large  kinder- 
garten. St.  Bartholomew's  Chinese  Guild  at  42  Mott  Street  has  a 
rehef  department. 

The  fresh  air  work  of  the  Parish  House  includes  a  boys'  camp  at 
Boonton,  New  Jersey,  The  Hoyt  Memorial  House  at  Pawling  to 
which  sixty  Sunday  School  children  are  sent  every  ten  days 
during  July  and  August,  and  a  cottage  for  mothers  and  babies  at 
the  seashore. 

Supported  by  church  funds  and  offerings.  Inspected  by  the  State 
Board  of  Charities  and  put  in  Class  1  for  both  plant  and  administra- 
tion. 


CHURCHES  13 

For  permission  to  visit  telephone  the  Parish  House;  the  after- 
noon or  the  evening  are  the  best  times  to  visit. 

Sea  and  Land  Church,  61  Henry  Street,  corner  of  Market  Street, 
New  York.    Telephone,  Orchard  978. 

Pastor:  Rev.  John  Ewing  Steen. 

The  church  is  Presbyterian  and  has  Sunday  services  in  three 
languages;  in  English  11  a.m.  and  8  p.  m.;  in  Italian  4  p.  m.;  in 
Russian  12  m.  It  also  maintains  a  neighborhood  house  adjoining 
the  church,  as  the  social  center  for  the  work  of  the  church. 

This  church  is  among  the  three  oldest  in  New  York  City.  It  was 
built  in  1819  and  is  a  plain  rectangular  stone  building  with  strange 
pointed  windows  still  fitted  with  their  small  panes  of  glass.  It  is 
capped  by  a  low,  wooden  belfry  tower.  The  exterior  is  old-fashioned 
and  quaint,  but  the  interior  is  especially  interesting,  the  propor- 
tions are  good,  the  carved  wood  ornament  behind  the  pulpit  and  the 
pulpit  itself  are  lovely,  but  the  part  of  the  church  which  has  the 
greatest  historical  interest  is  the  remains  of  the  slave  galleries 
which  are  built  high  up  near  the  roof  on  either  side  the  organ  loft. 
The  one  on  the  left  has  been  untouched.  The  two  galleries  are  large 
enough  to  seat  250  slaves. 

The  neighborhood  house  is  in  close  structural  connection  with  the 
church.  The  Pastor's  study  has  been  made  by  utilizing  the  space 
under  one  of  the  old  slave  galleries  and  its  partition  wall  extends 
into  the  church  itself.  Rooms  have  been  fitted  in  the  belfry  tower 
for  the  men  residents,  where  they  sleep  in  close  proximity  to  the 
bell,  sharing  with  it  the  open  air  treatment,  at  present  so  fashionable. 
The  other  part  of  the  house  is  a  modern  building  containing  a 
gymnasium,  library  and  reading  room,  kindergarten  rooms,  a  roof 
garden,  and  Uving  quarters  for  the  residents. 

It  maintains  a  district  nurse,  a  club  worker  and  two  visitors.  It 
runs  industrial  and  literary  clubs  and  classes,  has  mothers'  meetings, 
sewing  school  and  special  classes  for  men. 


14  COURTS 

It  has  a  summer  home  for  women  and  children  on  Staten  Island, 
and  a  farm  at  Schenectady,  New  York. 

Supported  by  the  New  York  Presbytery  and  voluntary  con- 
tributions. 

For  appointment  to  visit  write  or  telephone  the  Pastor. 

Take  3rd  Avenue  elevated  train  to  Chatham  Square  station,  walk 
two  blocks  south  on  Catharine  Street  to  Henry  Street  and  east  one 
block  to  Market  Street. 

COURTS 

Children's  Court,  East  22nd  Street  between  Lexington  and  3rd 
Avenues,  New  York.  Telephone,  Gramercy  3611. 

There  are  five  children's  courts  for  the  several  counties  in  Greater 
New  York,  for  the  hearing  and  disposition  of  cases  involving  the 
trial  or  conmiitment  of  children  under  sixteen  years.  In  the  past 
justices  have  been  assigned  for  the  specific  work  of  the  children's 
courts  by  the  chief  justice  of  the  court  of  special  sessions,  but  since 
the  first  of  July,  1915,  these  courts  have  been  presided  over  by  five 
judges  appointed  by  the  Mayor,  one  of  whom  is  Chief  Justice  of  the 
Children's  Court.  Two  judges  are  detailed  to  do  the  work  in  the 
Manhattan  Children's  Court  and  a  new  building  designed  especially 
for  the  purpose  has  been  opened. 

The  court  considers  that  the  child  is  not  upon  trial  for  the  com- 
mission of  a  crime,  but  that  he  is  in  need  of  the  care  and  protection 
of  the  State.  A  convicted  child  may  be  placed  on  probation  for 
such  time  as  the  judge  deems  proper,  provided  the  period  does  not 
exceed  three  years.  No  child  can  be  taken  to  a  pohce  station  or 
a  criminal  court,  so  when  a  child  is  taken  into  custody  the  officer 
must  proceed  at  once  to  the  children's  court  if  it  is  in  session.  If 
it  is  not  in  session  the  child  must  be  taken  to  the  Society  for  the 
Prevention  of  Cruelty  to  Children,  23rd  Street  and  4th  Avenue, 
where  there  is  a  detention  house  for  the  care  of  children  until  their 


COURTS  16 

cases  are  disposed  of.  From  this  house  they  are  driven  each  morning 
in  a  motor  bus  to  the  children's  court. 

Chief  Justice  of  the  Children's  Courts,  Frankhn  Chase  Hoyt. 

The  new  children's  court  is  a  spacious  white  stone  building  four 
stories  high,  with  wide  passages  on  either  side  providing  for  light  and 
entrances  and  exits  screened  from  the  streets.  The  first  floor  con- 
tains the  complaint  room,  Society  for  the  Prevention  of  Cruelty  to 
Children  offices  and  record  and  information  rooms,  opening  on  an 
imposing  hall.  On  the  second  floor  are  the  beautiful  and  dignified 
court  rooms.  One  where  new  cases  will  be  heard,  withdrawn  from  the 
general  public,  and  chambers  where  the  judges  will  do  the  follow-up 
work  on  their  original  hearings.  In  these  chambers  all  cases  in 
which  girls  are  involved  are  heard.  Waiting  rooms  surround  the 
court  rooms;  one  is  for  the  general  pubUc,  two  for  the  children, 
another  for  the  mothers.  On  the  third  floor  are  detention  rooms 
where  the  girls  and  boys  wait  pending  the  court  hearing,  a  nursery 
for  the  younger  children  and  a  suite  of  offices  for  the  attendant 
physician.  The  fourth  floor  contains  fourteen  rooms  to  be  used  by 
the  probation  officers,  several  of  whom  are  employed  by  private 
societies  working  in  connection  with  the  court. 

In  1913  in  the  children's  courts  for  the  counties  of  New  York, 
Kings,  Queens  and  Richmond  there  were  8131  children  charged 
with  juvenile  delinquency,  186  of  these  were  girls. 

No.  complaints  were  taken  in 619  cases 

Complaints  were  dismissed  in 1294  cases 

Acquitals 780  cases 

Children  were  adjudged  juvenile  delinquents 5312  cases 

Cases  pending 126 


8131 


The  following  disposition  was  made  of  the  5312  cases  adjudged 
to  be  juvenile  delinquents: 


16  COURTS 

Sentence  suspended  in 1291  cases 

Placed  on  probation 2438  cases 

Committed 723  cases 

Released  on  payment  of  fine 860  cases 


5312 

Eighty-six  of  these  were  girls. 

Visitors  specially  interested  in  the  hearings  should  write  in  advance 
to  the  judge.    The  general  public  is  not  admitted  to  the  court  rooms. 

The  court  is  open  daily  from  9  a.  m.  to  4  p.  m.  except  on  Saturday 
when  it  is  open  only  in  the  morning. 

Addresses  of  the  other  children's  courts  are: 

Bronx,  355  East  137th  Street,  Bronx,  New  York. 

Brooklyn,  102  Court  Street,  Brooklyn,  New  York. 

Queens,  Flushing  Avenue,  Jamaica,  Long  Island. 

Richmond,  Bank  Building,  St.  George,  Staten  Island. 

Domestic  Relations  Court,  151  East  57th  Street,  New  York. 
Telephone,  Plaza  1715.     City  Magistrates'  Court. 

Two  magistrates  are  assigned  by  the  Chief  City  Magistrate  to 
sit  in  this  court. 

Before  the  Domestic  Relations  Court  are  summoned  or  transferred 
all  persons  who  abandon  or  threaten  to  abandon  their  wives  or 
children  without  adequate  support,  or  leave  them  in  danger  of 
becoming  a  burden  upon  the  public,  or  neglect  to  provide  for  them 
according  to  their  means.  Its  jurisdiction  covers  also  persons 
legally  responsible  for  the  support  of  poor  relations. 

The  entire  time  and  attention  of  the  court  is  thus  given  to  cases  of 
non-support,  and  it  was  instituted  principally  for  the  protection  of 
wives  and  children.  The  cases  brought  before  it  often  require  long 
and  patient  hearings  and  many  of  them  are  adjourned  from  time  to 
time,  in  order  to  give  the  husband  an  opportunity  to  support  his 


COURTS  17 

family  properly.  This  sometimes  results  in  difficulties  being  settled 
and  the  family  reunited. 

There  are  now  three  Domestic  Relations  Courts,  one  in  Man- 
hattan, one  in  Brooklyn,  on  Myrtle  Avenue  and  one  at  number  1014 
East  181st  Street  in  the  Bronx. 

The  Manhattan  Domestic  Relations  court  is  held  in  the  same 
building  as  the  4th  District  Magistrates  Court.  It  has  no  suitable 
waiting  rooms  for  the  mothers  who  are  forced  to  bring  their  children 
with  them,  and  no  means  of  separating  them  from  the  undesirable 
people  who  loiter  about  the  courts. 

The  Commissioner  of  Public  Charities  maintains  an  office  of  the 
Superintendent  of  the  Outdoor  Poor  in  connection  with  the  court 
and  a  representative  of  the  Corporation  Council's  office  is  assigned 
to  the  court  to  look  after  the  interests  of  the  city. 

During  the  year  1913  the  total  number  of  arrangements  in  the 
Domestic  Relations  Court  was  3460,  directions  were  made  for 
support  in  630  cases,  1184  were  discharged  and  there  were  124  cases 
pending. 

No  permission  to  visit  is  necessary,  but  a  letter  of  introduction 
to  the  sitting  magistrate  insures  attention.  Women  visitors  are 
advised  to  ask  for  the  woman  probation  officer. 

The  court  is  open  daily  from  9.  a.  m.  to  4.00  p.  m.  except  Satur- 
days when  it  is  open  only  in  the  morning. 

The  4th  division  of  the  Magistrates'  Court  can  also  be  visited. 
It  is  on  the  second  floor  of  the  same  building. 

Magistrates'  Court,  151  East  57th  Street,  New  York  City.  Tele- 
phone, Plaza  7642.  City  Magistrates'  Courts,  4th  District 
Court. 

Under  an  act  to  amend  the  inferior  criminal  courts  act,  which 
passed  the  Senate  in  April,  1915,  the  mayor,  on  the  1st  of  July,  1915, 
appointed  a  chief  city  magistrate  to  hold  office  for  ten  years.  The 
chief  city  magistrate  in  addition  to  the  exercise  of  the  powers  of  a 


18  COURTS 

city  magistrate  will  be  the  administrative  head  of  all  courts  held  by 
city  magistrates.  The  board  of  city  magistrates  appoints  a  com- 
mittee of  ten  of  its  own  number,  four  residents  of  the  Borough  of 
Manhattan,  three  of  the  Borough  of  Brooklyn,  one  of  the  Bronx, 
one  of  Queens  and  one  of  Richmond,  who  with  the  chief  city  magis- 
trate makes  assignments  of  the  city  magistrates  to  sit  at  the  various 
city  magistrates'  district  courts.  The  chief  city  magistrate  makes  all 
assignments  of  magistrates  to  the  special  courts. 

There  are  at  present  thirteen  courts,  eight  for  the  different  dis- 
tricts, a  men's  night  court,  a  women's  night  court  and  three  domestic 
relations  courts.  A  municipal  term  of  the  magistrates  courts  is  to 
be  established  at  a  central  location  for  the  hearing  of  all  cases,  in 
which  a  city  or  state  department  is  the  complainant. 

Chief  City  Magistrate:  WiUiam  McAdoo. 

City  Magistrates  have  jurisdiction  over  all  minor  offenses,  viola- 
tions of  a  state  or  mimicipal  code,  or  of  an  ordinance  of  the  City  of 
New  York  which  is  punishable  as  a  misdemeanor,  or  any  mis- 
demeanor which  is  punishable  by  a  fine  not  exceeding  $100  or  by 
imprisonment  for  a  period  not  exceeding  60  days,  as  well  as  certain 
other  misdemeanors  enumerated  in  the  inferior  courts  acts. 

The  4th  district  court  is  held  on  the  2nd  floor  of  the  court  house 
building  which  has  lately  been  repaired  and  altered.  The  court 
room  is  well  hghted  and  ventilated  and  not  as  noisy  as  many  other 
courts. 

An  important  innovation  in  these  courts  has  been  the  extension 
of  the  finger-print  system,  which  the  law  of  July  1913  required  to 
be  taken  in  all  convicted  cases  of  public  intoxication  and  vagrancy. 
Since  December  1913,  it  apphes  to  other  offenses  designated  by  the 
Board  of  City  Magistrates,  over  which  they  have  summary  jurisdic- 
tion, so  that  it  now  appUes  to  cases  of  disorderly  conduct,  jostling 
(pick  pockets)  and  to  ^'mashers";  that  is,  men  who  annoy  women. 

The  original  finger  prints  are  immediately  forwarded  to  the 
ofl&ce  of  the  Chief  Magistrate  where  they  are  photographed  and 


COURTS  19 

copies  distributed  to  the  different  district  courts  and  to  police  head- 
quarters. 

The  judges  commit  to  the  workhouse  up  to  six  months  or  to 
reformatories,  impose  fines  or  put  on  probation. 

All  justices  and  magistrates  are  required  by  law  to  visit  once  in 
each  year  the  workhouse,  penitentiary  and  jails  in  the  City  of  New 
York  and  all  other  reformatories  and  institutions  to  which  they 
have  power  to  commit,  as  often  as  may  be  required  by  the  chief 
justice  or  the  chief  city  magistrate. 

No  permission  to  visit  is  necessary,  but  a  letter  of  introduction 
to  the  sitting  magistrate  insures  attention. 

The  court  is  open  daily  from  9.00  a.  m.  to  4  p.  m.  except  Saturday 
when  it  is  open  only  in  the  morning. 

The  addresses  of  the  other  District  Courts  can  be  found  in  the 
New  York  City  telephone  Directory  under  City  of  New  York, 
Courts. 

Night  Court  for  Women,  125  6th  Avenue,  corner  10th  Street, 
New  York  City.  Telephone,  Chelsea  2513,  City  Magistrates' 
Court. 

There  are  two  magistrates  assigned  to  the  Night  Court  for  women. 

All  women  arrested  in  the  boroughs  of  Manhattan  and  the  Bronx 
charged  with  prostitution  in  any  form,  and  all  women  arrested  after 
the  close  of  the  day  court  must  be  taken  to  the  Night  Court. 

After  conviction  the  woman  in  the  Night  Court  is  finger-printed. 
If  she  has  never  been  convicted  before  in  that  court,  it  is  so  estab- 
Ushed  to  her  credit,  and  helps  the  magistrate  to  decide  more  in- 
telUgently  what  should  be  done  with  her. 

The  court  is  held  in  the  2nd  District  Magistrates'  Court  building 
at  Jefferson  Market,  in  the  ordinary  court  room.  It  is  noisy  and 
easy  of  access  to  the  street,  which  attracts  curious  people  and  men 
of  an  undesirable  type. 

During  the  year  1913  the  total  number  of  women  convicted  of 


20  CRIPPLED     CHILDREN 

prostitution  was  2658;  of  these  1090  were  first  offenders,  the  rest 
had  been  convicted  from  one  to  eleven  times.  Between  July  1,  1910, 
when  finger-printing  was  introduced,  and  Dec.  31,  1913 — 304 
defendants  were  placed  on  probation  and  2086  sentences  were  im- 
posed to  the  workhouse.  Since  July  1913  fines  cannot  be  imposed  for 
violation  of  any  of  the  laws  relating  to  prostitution. 

No  permission  to  visit  is  necessary,  but  a  letter  of  introduction 
to  the  sitting  magistrate  insures  attention.  Women  visitors  are 
advised  to  ask  for  the  woman  probation  officer.  Miss  Alice  C.  Smith. 

The  court  is  open  nightly,  except  Sunday,  from  8  p.  m.  to  1  a.  m. 
Best  hour  to  arrive  is  9.30  p.  m. 

Take  6th  Avenue  elevated  to  9th  Street  station,  walk  one  block 
north,  or  8th  Street  cross-line  car  to  6th  Avenue,  walk  two  blocks 
north. 

CRIPPLED  CHILDREN 

Classes  for  Crippled  Children,  under  the  Board  of  Education. 

There  is  no  special  supervisor  for  these  classes. 

Their  purpose  is  to  give  an  elementary  education  to  crippled 
children,  who  are  taken  in  free  busses  to  and  from  the  schools. 
They  are  given  the  same  work  as  the  normal  children,  but  are  often 
absent  and  do  not  progress  as  rapidly  on  account  of  their  health. 
At  present  these  classes  which  are  hmited  to  twenty  children 
each,  do  not  offer  any  particular  physical  or  industrial  training. 

The  Association  for  the  Aid  of  Crippled  Children  works  in  close 
co-operation  with  the  school  authorities,  reporting  crippled  children 
who  should  be  in  school,  following  up  cases  of  absence,  visiting  the 
children  in  their  homes  in  the  interest  of  their  health,  taking  them  to 
hospitals  and  dispensaries  and  advising  needy  famihes  of  cripples 
in  regard  to  rehef. 

In  May  1914,  534  crippled  children  were  registered  in  Manhattan, 
scattered  throughout  the  public  schools.  If  they  were  concentrated 
in  one  or  two  central  buildings,  the  Board  of  Education  would 


CRIPPLBDCHILDREN  21 

probably  be  able  to  pay  more  attention  to  their  special  needs  and 
their  industrial  and  vocational  training. 

In  Public  School  No.  69,  125  West  54th  Street  (Telephone  Colum- 
bus 3304,)  there  were  in  June  1915,  five  classes  for  crippled  children, 
boys  and  girls,  with  a  registration  of  90  children.  The  children 
attending  this  school  are  of  Irish,  German,  French,  and  Greek 
parentage.  The  boys  and  girls  are  taught  in  the  same  class- 
room through  the  4 A  grade;  after  that  in  separate  rooms.  In  the 
special  class  for  crippled  children,  however,  boys  and  girls  are 
taught  together  throughout  all  grades. 

The  school  building  was  built  in  1876,  but  a  modern  annex  has 
been  added,  on  the  secpnd  floor  of  which  the  classes  for  crippled 
children  are  situated.  One  of  these  classes  is  an  open  air  class  for 
children  with  tuberculosis  of  the  bone,  and  is  equipped  with  cots, 
pillows  and  blankets.  The  children  are  given  special  seats  and 
desks  as  well  as  rest  periods,  which  greatly  increase  their  vitality. 
They  are  taught  sewing,  basketry  and  canvas  work.  Milk  and 
crackers  are  provided  them  through  an  outside  charitable  agency. 

In  case  of  fire  each  invalid  has  been  made  the  charge  of  an  older 
boy,  who  is  not  a  cripple,  and  it  is  very  touching  to  see,  at  a  fire  drill, 
the  care  and  dispatch  with  which  the  children  are  helped  or  carried 
to  the  street.  These  drills  are  held  every  two  weeks,  and  the  build- 
ing is  emptied  of  1400  children  in  less  than  three  minutes. 

Other  activities  of  this  school  include  an  ungraded  class  of  14 
boys,  a  class  in  speech  defects  of  90  children  and  a  school  lunch 
of  about  100  children. 

For  permission  to  visit  write  or  telephone  the  principal,  Thomas 
J.  Boyle.  Any  morning,  except  Saturday  and  Sunday,  before  10  a.  m. 
is  the  best  time  to  visit. 

Nearest  subway  and  6th  Avenue  elevated  stations,  50th  Street. 

Other  pubHc  schools  having  classes  for  crippled  children:  Nos. 
2,  27,  30,  44,  68,  70,  104,  107.  Addresses  and  telephone  numbers 
can  be  found  in  the  New  York  City  Telephone  Directory  imder  City 
of  New  York,  PubUc  Schools. 


22  CRIPPLED     CHILDREN 

Crippled  Children's  East  Side  Free  School,  157  Henry  Street. 
Telephone,  Orchard  6474.  Emanuel  Lehman  Foundation  in 
co-operation  with  the  Board  of  Education. 

Superintendent:  Miss  Selma  E.  Saal. 

The  school  aims  to  improve  the  physical  condition,  to  educate 
and  to  train  industrially,  poor  crippled  children  of  the  lower  East 
Side,  so  that  they  may  become  self-supporting.  Workrooms  are 
maintained  for  older  cripples.  Emphasis  is  laid  on  physical  care  and 
both  children  and  adults  are  bathed  twice  a  week  imder  the  supervi- 
sion of  a  trained  nurse.  The  children  are  given  a  hot  meal  in  the 
middle  of  the  day,  and  bread  and  milk  in  the  morning  and  afternoon, 
at  a  cost  of  from  6J^  to  7  cents  a  day.  It  is  a  day  school  only,  and 
the  children  are  brought  in  busses  from  their  homes  in  the  morning 
and  returned  to  them  at  night.  The  Board  of  Education  pays  half 
the  expense  of  transportation. 

The  school  was  built  in  1907.  It  is  spacious,  well  designed,  and  is 
equipped  with  all  the  necessary  appUances  for  the  care  of  cripples. 
There  is  an  elevator,  rest  rooms,  infirmary,  bathing  faciUties,  work- 
rooms in  which  each  adult  worker  sits  in  a  chair  specially  fitted  to  the 
individual  bodily  defect,  and  a  large  playground  on  the  roof. 

The  school  receives  boys  and  girls  from  four  years  up;  there  is  no 
age  Umit.  The  capacity  is  210,  the  daily  average  190,  boys  and 
girls  almost  equally  divided  in  the  academic  department,  but  in 
the  workroom  nearly  all  the  40  adult  workers  are  women.  The 
institution  is  a  non-sectarian  endowed  institution  helped  by  vol- 
untary contributions,  mainly  from  Jewish  sources. 

The  Board  of  Education  provides  the  teachers  and  equipment  for 
the  eleven  classes.  They  are  considered  an  annex  to  PubUc  School 
No.  2  and  are  supervised  by  the  principal  of  that  school.  All  kinds 
of  needlework  and  machine  stitching  are  taught  and  orders  are 
taken  for  the  finest  kind  of  embroidery.  The  training  for  boys  has 
not  yet  been  successfully  worked  out,  but  it  is  planned  to  begin  by 
teaching  them  to  cover  paper  boxes.    Graduate  teachers  of  the  school 


DEAF  23 

are  employed  to  give  manual  courses  to  pupils  preparatory  to  ad- 
mission to  the  workrooms.  A  regular  weekly  wage,  according  to  earn- 
ing capacity,  is  paid  to  all  crippled  workers  employed. 

The  school  maintains  a  summer  home  at  Oakhurst,  New  Jersey, 
to  which  the  children  are  sent  during  the  summer  hoUdays.  Some 
of  the  more  deHcate  children  spend  the  entire  ten  weeks  in  the 
country,  and  the  others  stay  for  four  and  one  half  weeks. 

The  school  is  open  from  8.30  to  5.00  p.  m.  five  days  a  week  from  the 
end  of  June  till  the  second  week  in  September.  No  permission 
necessary;  the  school  can  be  visited  on  any  school  day. 

Take  Third  Avenue  elevated  to  Canal  St.  station,  or  Second 
Avenue  elevated  to  Canal  Street  station,  walk  east  to  Rutgers 
Street,  then  south  to  Henry  St.  Or  take  subway  to  Brooklyn 
Bridge,  take  Avenue  ''B"  car  to  Rutgers  Street  and  walk  one  block 
south  to  Henry  Street. 

DEAF 

Elementary  and  Trade  School  for  the  Deaf,  Public  School  No. 
47,  225  East  23rd  Street,  New  York.  Telephone,  Gramercy 
3394.    Under  the  Board  of  Education. 

Principal:  Miss  Carrie  Wallace  Kearns. 

This  school  takes  pupils  from  the  five  boroughs  of  Greater  New 
York.  It  aims  to  teach  the  deaf  to  rely  upon  themselves,  to 
become  self-supporting,  and  as  nearly  as  possible,  like  normal 
people. 

The  school  building  is  old,  the  rooms  are  over-crowded,  and  the 
equipment  inadequate.  The  indoor  playrooms  are  dark  and  the  out- 
door playground  is  a  small  yard  surrounded  by  high  buildings. 
A  new  building  has  been  asked  for,  and  is  badly  needed. 

This  school  receives  boys  and  girls  from  the  ages  of  four  to  sixteen, 
and  in  1913-14,  it  registered  237  pupils. 

Regular  elementary  school  work  is  given,  the  only  difference  being 
that  it  takes  the  deaf  pupils  11  years  to  do  what  normal  children 


24  DEAF 

do  in  8  years,  6  months  extra  time  being  allowed  for  each  term 
in  the  early  grades.  Articulation  and  lip  reading  are  taught  to  all 
pupils.  No  signs  are  allowed  and  the  children  are  encouraged  to 
read  the  lips  of  all  visitors. 

Special  attention  is  paid  to  physical  training,  which  includes  formal 
gymnastics,  rhythmic  exercises  and  swimming. 
p^i  The  academic  work  and  the  special  teaching  necessary,  is  combined 
with  industrial  training  which  covers  printing,  sign  painting,  shop 
work,  industrial  art,  millinery  and  dressmaking.  The  school  is 
allowed  to  sell  the  articles  made  and  to  take  orders  for  the  various 
departments  to  fill.  Efforts  are  made  to  place  the  children  in  posi- 
tions and  as  there  are  only  a  few  to  be  placed  each  year,  these  efforts 
have  been  very  successful. 

A  strong  parent's  association  cares  for  all  the  children  who  need 
help  and  is  active  in  other  ways. 

Supported  by  appropriation  from  the  City  of  New  York. 

For  permission  to  visit,  write  or  telephone  the  principal.  The  best 
time  to  visit  is  on  Tuesday  or  Thursday  mornings,  when  the  school 
assembles  at  9  o'clock.    The  school  is  in  session  from  9  to  4. 

A  school  lunch  is  served  at  11 :45  in  the  building;  see  School  Lunch 
Service,  page  35. 

New  York  Institution  for  the  Instruction  of  the  Deaf  and 

Dumb,  West  163rd  Street  and  Fort  Washington  Avenue, 
Telephone,  Audubon  10.  Under  the  Control  of  a  Board  of 
Directors. 

Principal:  Enoch  Henry  Currier. 

This  institution  cares  for  deaf  children  who  are  inhabitants  of  the 
State  and  are  over  5  years  of  age.  Most  of  the  pupils  are  taken  free, 
but  parents  who  are  able  to  pay,  may  do  so.  The  school  aims  to 
make  use  of  every  instrument  and  aid  that  is  of  value  in  the  educa- 
tion of  the  deaf.  Lip  reading  and  articulation  are  taught,  and  much 
ingenuity  is  shown  in  the  methods  used  to  develop  the  minds  of  the 


DEAF  25 

pupils.  It  is  the  only  military  school  for  the  deaf  in  the  world,  and 
music  is  an  important  part  of  the  training.  The  classes  are  taught  by 
specially  trained  teachers,  the  curriculum  is  as  nearly  hke  the  state 
syllabus  for  Elementary  Schools  as  possible,  but  special  emphasis 
is  laid  upon  the  training  necessary  to  make  the  graduates  self-sup- 
porting. 

Boys  and  girls  are  taught  together  when  practical.  Girls  are  given 
a  great  deal  of  physical  training  and  boys  are  taught  to  cook.  Some 
of  the  graduates  go  to  the  Gallaudet  College  for  the  Deaf  at  Wash- 
ington. 

The  institution  is  on  the  congregate  plan  and  is  composed  of  6 
large  buildings,  beautifully  situated  on  11  acres  of  ground  on  the 
Hudson  River.  The  administration  building  contains  the  executive 
offices,  chapel,  dining  room,  assembly  and  play  rooms  and  dormito- 
ries. In  the  academic  building  are  about  35  rooms;  there  is  a  trade 
school  building,  a  hospital  large  enough  for  120  patients,  a  conta- 
gious hospital  for  30  patients  and  a  laundry  and  power  house. 

Receives  boys  and  girls  from  5  to  12  years  of  age  through 
the  Commissioner  of  Public  Charities,  Hon.  John  A.  Kingsbury,  and 
persons  over  12  upon  application  to  the  Commissioner  of  Education, 
Hon.  John  H.  Finley,  at  Albany.  Application  can  also  be  made  to 
the  Principal  of  the  school. 

Capacity:  500. 

The  trades  taught  are  printing,  carpentry,  tailoring,  dressmaking, 
baking,    and   cooking. 

Supported  by  private  funds  and  per  capita  payment  of  $350 
allowed  by  the  State  and  Counties.  Inspected  by  the  State  Board  of 
Charities  and  Department  of  Health. 

For  permission  to  visit,  write  or  telephone  the  principal. 

Any  morning,  except  Saturday  and  Sunday,  before  10  a.  m.,  is  the 
best  time  to  visit. 

Take  Broadway  subway  train  to  168th  Street  station,  walk  south 
to  163rd  Street  and  west  to  Fort  Washington  Avenue. 

Time:  50  minutes  from  Grand  Central  station  to  institution. 


26  DEFECTIVES 

DEFECTIVES 

New  York  City  Children's  Hospitals  and  Schools,  Randall's 
Island.  Telephone,  Harlem  6764.  Under  the  Department  of 
Public  Charities. 

Acting  Superintendent:  WilHam  B.  Buck. 

The  institution  receives  sick  and  destitute  children  with  or  without 
their  mothers,  both  directly  from  families,  and  from  orphan  asylums 
and  similar  institutions.  It  cares  for  medical  and  surgical  cases  and 
contagious  eye  and  skin  diseases. 

Epileptic  and  feeble-minded  children  are  kept  until  they  can  be 
admitted  to  a  State  Institution,  many  cases  being  cared  for  perman- 
ently because  the  capacity  of  the  State  institutions  has  never  been 
sufficient  to  receive  all  the  cases  from  New  York  City.  Defective 
children  who  are  too  young  or  who  for  other  reasons  cannot  be  ad- 
mitted to  institutions  for  special  training  are  received;  also  feeble- 
minded men  and  women  from  New  York  City,  many  of  whom  have 
Uved  on  the  Island  for  years. 

The  institution  is  beautifully  situated  in  spacious  grounds  on 
Randall's  Island  opposite  120th  to  128th  Street,  New  York.  The 
10  brick  buildings  which  formed  the  nucleus  in  1848,  have  increased 
to  102  buildings.  It  is  built  on  the  congregate  plan;  46  large  buildings 
including  Children's  Hospital,  Custodial  Asylum  and  School  for  the 
Feeble-Minded;  with  these  are  connected  a  number  of  detached 
pavilions  containing  wards. 

For  the  normal  children  being  treated  in  the  hospital,  schools  are 
provided,  classified  according  to  diseases.  Some  school  work  and 
industrial  training  are  given  the  feeble-minded  who  are  able  to  be 
taught.  The  different  branches  of  the  industrial  work  are  tailoring, 
carpentry,  mat  and  hammock  weaving,  rug  making,  shoe  mending, 
tinsmithing  and  mattress  making.  The  girls  have  classes  in  cooking, 
sewing  and  embroidery  and  some  laundry  work  is  done  by  the  older 
girls. 


DEFECTIVES  27 

The  institution  is  being  thoroughly  reorganized. 

Receives  children  from  2  to  16  years  of  age. 

Capacity:  2000. 

Supported  by  appropriation  from  the  City  of  New  York. 

Inspected  by  the  State  Board  of  Charities,  Department  of  Health 
and  State  Charities  Aid  Association. 

For  permission  to  visit,  write  or  telephone  to  Commissioner  of 
Public  Charities,  Hon.  John  A.  Kingsbury,  Municipal  Building, 
Centre  and  Chambers  Streets,  New  York.    Telephone,  Worth  4440. 

Boats  leave  125th  Street  and  120th  Street  and  East  River  daily, 
every  half -hour  from  7 :30  until  12  p.  m.    No  charge. 

Take  3rd  Avenue  elevated  or  Lenox  Avenue  subway  to  125th 
Street  and  electric  car  to  East  River. 

Time:  thirty-five  minutes  from  42nd  Street  to  East  River. 

Ungraded  Classes,  under  the  Board  of  Education. 

Inspector:  Miss  Elizabeth  E.  Farrell. 

These  classes  are  for  the  care  of  children  who  are  backward  in  their 
home  work,  and  to  detect  abnormal  tendencies  while  the  child  is  still 
plastic  enough  to  permit  of  re-education.  Children  are  transferred 
from  these  classes  to  the  normal  classes  when  their  progress  permits. 
No  child  is  placed  in  an  ungraded  class  without  a  strict  and  expert 
examination  given  by  the  Board  of  Education  psychologists  and 
alienists. 

There  were  1496  pupils  registered  in  the  92  ungraded  classes 
in  Manhattan,  Jime,  1914.  In  greater  New  York,  there  were  2972 
pupils  in  189  ungraded  classes. 

In  PubUc  School,  No.  17,  327  West  47th  Street,  (Telephone 
Bryant,  4888)  there  is  a  class  of  17  imgraded  girls. 

The  children  are  trained  by  the  natural  method.  The  teacher. 
Miss  Eleanor  Maloney,  endeavors  to  meet  the  need  of  the  individual 
child  in  giving  her  freedom  to  work  at  what  she  is  best  able  to  do. 
The  furniture  is  moveable  and  it  is  not  imcommon  to  see  one  or  two 


28  EDUCATION 

children  seated  apart  from  the  others,  busily  at  work.  The  children 
are  taught  the  manipulation  of  concrete  material  by  simple  training 
in  the  manual  arts.  They  are  often  able  to  make  brushes,  cane  chairs 
and  work  at  modelling  and  they  can  all  play  in  a  sand  pile  and  learn 
to  make  lines  on  paper. 

Supported  by  appropriation  from  the  City  of  New  York. 

For  permission  to  visit,  write  or  telephone  to  the  Principal,  Miss 
Kate  A.  McCann. 

Any  morning  except  Saturday  and  Sunday,  before  10  a.  m.,  is  the 
best  time  to  visit. 

Other  PubHc  Schools  having  ungraded  classes,  Numbers:  3,  15, 
35,  46,  58,  64,  89,  110,  141. 

Addresses  and  telephone  numbers  can  be  found  in  the  New  York 
City  Telephone  Directory,  under  city  of  New  York,  Public  Schools. 

EDUCATION 

Anaemic  Classes,  under  the  Board  of  Education. 

Medical  Inspector  of  Open  Air  Classes,  Anaemic  and  Tuberculous: 
I.  Ogden  Woodruff. 

The  purpose  of  these  classes  is  to  aid  in  restoring  to  health  those 
children  whose  physical  condition  seems  distinctly  below  the  normal 
standard.  They  are  Umited  to  25  children  or  less,  on  account  of 
the  difficulties  connected  with  teaching  so  many  grades.  Most  of 
these  classes  are  indoors,  in  large  classrooms,  which  have  the  windows 
pivoted.    Only  three  or  four  schools  have  out-door  class-rooms. 

There  were  1100  children  in  anaemic  classes  in  Manhattan  and 
Brooklyn  in  December,  1914. 

In  Pubhc  School,  No.  135,  51st  Street  and  1st  Avenue,  (Telephone, 
Plaza  7990),  there  is  an  anaemic  class  of  twenty-five  children,  includ- 
ing boys  and  girls  from  the  2nd  to  the  6th  grades.  The  classroom  is 
on  the  4th  floor,  has  pivoted  windows  and  a  balcony  adjacent.  The 
room  is  furnished  with  Moulthrop  desks,  a  combination  of  desk  and 
chair  which  is  adjustable,  very  light  and  moveable. 


EDUCATION  29 

The  children  are  supphed  by  the  Board,  with  folding  cots,  sleeping 
bags,  sweaters,  caps,  over-shoes,  and  mittens. 

They  pay  a  small  sum  for  the  milk  and  crackers  given  in  this 
school  as  in  the  other  anaemic  classes  in  Manhattan,  the  money 
coming  either  from  their  parents  or  from  some  charitable  organiza- 
tion. 

Supported  by  appropriation  from  the  City  of  New  York. 

For  permission  to  visit,  write  or  telephone  to  the  principal,  Miss 
Kate  M.  Stephens. 

Any  morning,  except  Saturday  and  Sunday,  before  10  a.  m.,  is  the 
best  time  to  visit. 

Other  Public  Schools  having  anaemic  classes:  Nos.  12,  14,  17, 
20,  21,  22,  33,  51,  61,  64,  65B,  75,  84,  88,  89,  91,  92,  95,  97,  102,  107, 
110,  115,  122,  158,  159,  177, 179, 188. 

Addresses  and  telephone  numbers  can  be  found  in  the  New  York 
City  Telephone  Directory  under  City  of  New  York,  Public  Schools. 

Manhattan  Trade  School,  209  East  23rd  Street,  near  3rd  Avenue. 
Telephone,  Gramercy  3791.    Under  the  Board  of  Education. 

Principal:  Miss  Florence  M.  Marshall. 

The  school  gives  a  thorough  foundation  in  skilled  trades  to  girls 
over  14  years  of  age.  Various  important  experiments  are  being 
tried,  which  if  successful  will  become  permanent  features  of  the 
school.  Grants  in  students'  aid  are  given  to  a  large  number  of  girls 
who  would  otherwise  be  forced  into  unskilled  occupations.  During 
the  year  1914,  over  125  girls  were  assisted  by  this  fund.  The  course 
is  seven  hours  a  day  for  one  year  or  longer. 

The  building  is  an  old  one  not  well  adapted  for  the  purposes  of  the 
school,  and  plans  for  a  new  building  are  being  prepared. 

To  be  admitted  to  the  trade  school  the  girl  must  be  either  a  gradu- 
ate of  an  elementary  school,  or  14  years  old  and  able  to  pass  the 
work  of  the  6B  grade.  A  transfer  card  from  the  elementary  school 
is  required.    Employment  certificates  are  not  necessary.     Girls  are 


30  EDUCATION 

admitted  on  Monday  of  each  week.  The  school  is  free  to  girls  in  all 
boroughs. 

The  trades  taught  are  needle  trades,  sewing  machine  trades  and 
pasting  trades.  The  placement  secretary  endeavors  to  place  all 
graduates  in  positions  at  the  end  of  the  course.  The  school  main- 
tains a  salesroom  and  orders  are  taken  for  dresses,  millinery,  lamp 
and  candle  shades,  desk  sets  and  other  novelties.  Special  bargains 
on  Monday  of  each  week. 

Capacity :  400,  but  at  times  600  pupils  have  been  admitted.  Daily 
average  in  1914,  was  482. 

Supported  by  appropriations  from  the  City  of  New  York. 

For  permission  to  visit,  write  or  telephone  the  principal. 

Open  from  Monday  to  Friday,  inclusive,  from  9  a.  m.,  to  5  p.  m., 
every  month  in  the  year  except  August. 

Public  Schools,  under  the  Board  of  Education. 

City  Superintendent  of  Schools:  William  H.  Maxwell. 

PubUc  Schools  are  established  by  the  State  for  the  purpose  of 
giving  a  free  education  to  all  the  children  of  the  city  over  four  years 
of  age.  Every  child  between  seven  and  fourteen  years  of  age  is 
required  by  the  compulsory  education  law  to  attend  school  through- 
out the  school  year.  There  are  548  schools  under  the  Board  of  Educa- 
tion with  a  registration  of  770,403  in  January,  1915. 

PubUc  School  No.  20,  corner  of  Rivington  and  Forsyth  Streets, 
New  York.     Telephone,  Orchard  7073. 

Principal:  William  Krampner. 

This  is  an  interesting  school  to  visit  as  it  is  situated  in  the  lower 
East  Side  and  is  attended  almost  entirely  by  Jewish  children  of  for- 
eign parents  who  are  being  taught  American  ways  as  quickly  as 
possible  and  helped  to  become  citizens  of  this  country. 

The  school  building  was  built  in  1897,  and  is  on  the  old  plan  of 
school  houses  with  sliding  partitions,  dividing  it  into  class-rooms. 
It  has  a  large  indoor  playroom  and  a  roof  garden  where  the  children 


EDUCATION  31 

play  in  small  groups,  and  where  physical  training  exercises  are  given 
the  boys  by  a  special  teacher.  There  are  68  classes  in  all.  Be- 
sides the  customary  school  work  there  are  the  following  special 
classes:  a  blind  class  of  eight  children;  a  class  for  stammerers  and 
any  other  children  who  have  difficulty  with  their  speech,  which  meets 
daily  at  2:30  and  is  composed  of  about  forty  children;  a  rapid  class 
made  up  of  40  boys  and  girls  who  are  able  to  do  one  and  one-half 
years  work  in  one  year;  an  ungraded  class,  and  a  school  lunch 
serving  about  300  daily. 

There  is  a  certain  amount  of  self-government  in  the  school,  under 
what  is  called  the  Davis  School  State.  The  boys  are  taught  the 
various  functions  of  both  state  and  city  government  and  have  a 
governor,  a  mayor,  chief  justice  and  eight  judges,  a  process  server,  a 
police  commissioner,  etc.  A  court  composed  of  the  pupils  sits  every 
Friday  afternoon,  after  three  o'clock,  before  which  are  brought  boys 
who  have  committed  any  offence,  either  in  the  building  or  outside  in 
the  streets,  which  is  not  connected  with  classroom  management. 
Every  boy  above  the  first  year  is  required  to  bathe  at  least  once  a 
week  in  the  shower  baths  belonging  to  the  school,  when  they  are  also 
given  land  exercises  in  swimming. 

The  children  salute  the  flag  daily,  but  every  Friday  morning, 
between  9:00  and  9:30  a.  m.,  there  is  a  special  assembly  at  which 
the  children  go  through  gymnastic  exercises,  and  a  formal  salute  of 
the  flag  is  given  by  each  boy  as  he  marches  past. 

Receives  boys  of  school  age,  girls  up  to  6  years. 

Capacity:  2600. 

Supported  by  appropriations  from  the  City  of  New  York. 

For  permission  to  visit,  write  or  telephone  the  Principal,  William 
Krampner. 

Friday  is  the  best  day  to  visit  the  school,  reaching  the  building  at 
8:30  A.  M.,  to  see  the  arrival  of  the  children,  to  watch  them  play 
before  school  in  the  indoor  playground  and  to  see  them  march  to  their 
classes. 


32  EDUCATION 

Take  subway  to  Spring  Street  station,  walk  east  to  the  Bowery, 
north  one-half  block  to  Rivington  Street  and  east  two  blocks  to 
Forsyth  Street;  or  Third  Avenue  elevated  to  Houston  Station, 
walk  two  blocks  east  on  Houston  Street  to  Forsyth  Street  and  two 
blocks  south  to  Rivington  Street,  or  Second  Avenue  elevated  to 
Rivington  Street  and  walk  one  block  west. 

PubUc  School,  No.  45,  Lorillard  Place  and  189th  Street,  Bronx, 
New  York.  Telephone,  Tremont  5664.  Under  the  Board  of  Educa- 
tion. 

Principal:  Angelo  Patri. 

WilUam  Wirt,  Superintendent  of  Schools  in  Gary,  Indiana,  is  being 
paid  $10,000  a  year  by  the  Board  of  Education  to  spend  one  week  of 
each  month  in  New  York  to  demonstrate  the  working  of  the  plan  that 
has  made  Gary  famous.  It  is  an  effort  to  improve  the  public  school 
system  by  enriching  its  elementary  education,  and  providing  real 
vocational  preparation  by  giving  the  student  his  training  in  the  repair 
and  construction  department  of  the  school,  under  the  direction  of  men 
actually  doing  such  work. 

In  this  school  the  Gary  School  plan  is  being  very  freely  tried. 
Multiple  use  is  made  of  the  school  plant,  and  all  the  operations  of  the 
school  are  as  flexible  as  possible.  In  order  to  co-operate  with  the 
church,  the  home  and  other  community  activities  children  can  leave 
the  school  during  the  auditorium,  play  and  special  work  periods  for 
occupations  elsewhere. 

The  pupils  are  divided  into  the  X  and  Y  schools  of  four  divisions 
each.  When  the  X  school  is  in  the  class  rooms,  the  four  divisions  of 
the  Y  school  are  (1)  at  play,  (2)  in  the  shops,  (3)  in  the  auditorium, 
or  (4)  at  home.  While  at  home  the  children  either  go  to  church,  have 
special  lessons  or  engage  in  some  activity  approved  of  by  the  school. 
Once  put  into  operation,  the  plan  works  itself.  The  difficulty  is  to 
break  away  from  the  prejudice  of  old  ideas.  The  method  has 
the  defect  of  increasing  the  teachers'  hours  on  duty  (8 :30  to  4)  and 


EDUCATION  33 

it  changes  their  method  of  instruction.  Instead  of  teaching  various 
subjects  they  speciaHze  on  one  or  two  and  teach  those  all  day  long. 

The  School  building  was  built  in  1913.  It  is  in  the  form  of  the 
letter  U,  with  two  wings  extending  in  the  rear,  forming  an  open  court- 
yard. There  are  forty-five  rooms  and  eighty  teachers.  Near  the 
school  there  is  a  square  containing  large  trees  where  the  children 
play,  and  two  plots  of  ground  have  been  secured  opposite  the  school 
for  gardens.  There  is  also  a  farm  of  5  acres  in  Bronx  Park  next  to 
the  Zoological  Gardens,  where  the  older  children  are  given  a  more 
extensive  agricultm*al  training. 

There  are  pre-vocational  classes  in  carpentry,  printing,  drawing, 
clay  modelling,  natural  and  physical  science,  cooking,  millinery, 
gardening  and  sewing.  The  necessary  printing  for  the  school  is  done 
in  the  printing  department,  garden  ornaments  are  made  in  the  clay 
modelling  shop,  and  the  necessary  work  of  the  school  is  connected 
when  possible  with  the  classes. 

There  is  a  class  for  anaemic  children  of  25  pupils;  for  the  blind 
of  11  pupils,  and  two  ungraded  classes  of  16  pupils  each. 

Capacity:  3200  children. 

Receives  boys  and  girls  from  the  ages  of  4  to  14  years. 

Supported  by  appropriations  from  the  City  of  New  York. 

Additional  activities  in  the  school  building  are  a  Recreation  Centre, 
Public  Lectures,  Dramatic  and  Dancing  Clubs,  Mothers'  Club, 
Alumni  Association,  and  Parents'  Association. 

For  permission  to  visit,  write  or  telephone  to  the  Principal. 

Any  morning,  except  Saturday  or  Sunday,  before  10  a.  m.,  is  the 
best  time  to  visit. 

Take  3rd  Avenue  elevated  to  183rd  Street  Station,  walk  one 
block  north  on  3rd  Avenue  to  Lorillard  Place  and  north  three  blocks 
to  189th  Street. 

Time:  fifty  minutes  from  42nd  Street,  3rd  Avenue  elevated  Sta- 
tion to  School.  Thirty  minutes  from  Grand  Central  Station  to  the 
Zoological  Park,  walk  three  blocks  east  on  Fordham  Road,  to  Loril- 
lard Place,  then  one  block  south  to  school. 


34  EDUCATION 

Public  School,  No.  95,  10  Clarkson  Street,  New  York,  Telephone, 
Spring  5726. 

Principal:  John  E.  Wade. 

This  school  is  particularly  interesting  on  account  of  the  number  of 
its  pre-vocational  classes,  with  a  modern  and  complete  equipment. 
Besides  the  customary  school  work,  there  are  ten  pre-vocational 
classes,  three  ungraded  classes  and  an  anaemic  class. 

The  Ettinger  school  plan  is  being  tried  in  this  school.  The  pupils 
are  divided  into  two  groups,  called  the  X  and  Y  schools,  which  alter- 
nate in  the  use  of  the  various  classrooms,  playgrounds,  science  rooms, 
shop,  drawing  rooms,  gymnasium,  etc.,  which  more  than  doubles  the 
capacity  of  the  school  plant.    This  is  a  modification  of  the  Gary  plan. 

The  school  building  was  built  in  1912  and  is  a  handsome  building 
suitable  for  its  purpose,  built  in  the  shape  of  the  letter  "H,"  facing 
Hudson  Park,  which  affords  a  fair  play  place  for  the  cliildren.  It  has 
two  paved  out-door  court  yards,  and  an  indoor  playground. 

The  pre-vocational  classes  are  taught  in  a  sheet  metal  shop,  two 
electric  wiring  shops,  a  machine  shop,  plumbing,  printing,  carpentry, 
two  drawing  shops  and  an  industrial  modeling  shop.  Three 
hundred  boys,  out  of  a  possible  700,  had  chosen  shop  work  during 
the  first  three  months  of  1915. 

Capacity:  2700  children. 

Receives  boys  of  school  age,  girls  under  9  years  of  age. 

Supported  by  appropriations  from  the  City  of  New  York. 

For  permission  to  visit,  write  or  telephone  the  principal. 

Any  morning,  except  Saturday  or  Sunday,  before  10  a.  m.,  is  the 
best  time  to  visit. 

Additional  activities  in  the  school  buildings:  Hudson  Social  Centre, 
Monday,  Tuesday,  Thursday,  Friday  nights  and  Sunday  afternoons; 
Recreation  Centre,  Public  Lectures,  School  Lunch,  at  which  300 
children  are  fed.  A  visiting  teacher  is  employed.  A  social  secretary 
is  supphed  to  the  principal  by  the  Greenwich  House  settlement. 

Take  9th  Avenue  elevated   to  Houston  Street  station;  walk  one 


EDUCATION  35 

block  north  to  Clarkson  Street,  and  then  two  blocks  east:  or  any 
cross-hne  car  going  west,  transfer  south  at  8th  Avenue  to  Clarkson 
Street. 

School  Lunch  Service,  under  the  Board  of  Education  and  the 
New  York  School  Lunch  Committee,  of  the  Bureau  of  Welfare 
of  School  Children,  of  the  Association  for  Improving  the  Con- 
dition of  the  Poor. 
Executive  Secretary:  Edward  F.  Brown,  New  York  School  Lunch 
Committee,  105  East  22nd  St. 

The  objects  of  this  committee  are: 

1.  The  provision  of  nourishing  lunches  on  a  self-supporting  basis 
to  all  school  children. 

2.  Special  observation  of  children  whose  physical  condition  is 
such  as  to  give  evidence  of  lack  of  proper  nourishment,  in  order  to 
determine  the  underlying  causes  by  a  study  of  their  homes  and 
environment.  An  extension  of  this  aim  requires  that  these  selected 
cases  be  followed  up,  to  the  end  that  the  proper  agency  may  be 
apprised  and  appropriate  action  taken. 

3.  The  formation  of  special  classes  of  mothers  for  instruction  in 
the  proper  care  of  children,  especially  in  cases  of  poor  nourishment. 

In  its  interest  in  the  public  feeding  of  elementary  school  children 
the  committee  has  established  four  central  kitchens  in  selected  public 
schools,  where  the  food  is  prepared  and  from  which  it  is  distributed 
in  heat-retaining  coppers,  to  the  other  public  schools  serving  lunches. 

It  aims  to  provide  a  warm,  stimulating  lunch  at  cost  price  to  the 
school  children,  which  shall  not  be  confined  to  the  needy,  but  which 
shall  be  available  for  every  child.  Each  portion  of  food  costs  one 
penny.  Paid  employees  prepare  the  food  and  wash  the  dishes,  the 
older  pupils  only  help  to  serve  it.  The  children  form  in  line  and  as 
they  pass  a  given  point  take  a  tray,  spoon,  etc.,  after  which  they  place 
upon  the  tray,  the  food  chosen  and  pay  for  it  at  the  end  of  the  line, 
as  many  pennies  as  there  are  different  kinds  of  food.  The  rule  has 
been  that  children  must  purchase  first  a  half  pint  bowl  of  soup,  after 


36  EDUCATION 

which  they  may  make  further  choice.  The  serving  of  lunch  begins 
in  all  schools  between  11:45  and  12. 

During  the  school  year  1914,  the  daily  average  attendance  at  the 
tables  of  the  seventeen  schools,  then  being  served,  was  3337  children, 
at  a  loss  of  jVtf  of  a  cent  for  each  portion. 

In  Pubhc  School,  No.  47,  225  East  23rd  Street  (Telephone,  3394), 
the  school  lunch  is  self-supporting.  The  system  of  serving  is  a  Uttle 
different  from  that  of  other  schools. 

This  is  the  school  for  the  deaf  for  the  five  Boroughs  of  Greater  New 
York,  and  the  hours  are  from  9  a.  m.,  to  4  p.  m.  Some  of  the  children 
come  from  long  distances  and  were  in  the  habit  of  bringing  their 
lunch  from  home,  but  the  school  lunch  has  proved  so  attractive  that 
many  of  them  have  asked  to  be  allowed  to  eat  with  the  other  children. 

A  prepared  lunch  is  served  each  day  at  the  cost  of  five  cents,  con- 
sisting, on  the  day  visited,  of  soup,  four  Uneeda  biscuits,  apple  pie  or 
a  roll  with  jam  and  two  pieces  of  candy.  More  candy  and  different 
kinds  of  cakes  can  be  bought,  and  about  $10  a  week  is  spent  by  the 
children  on  these  extras. 

Daily  average  of  150  children,  boys  and  girls. 

For  permission  to  visit,  write  or  telephone  the  Principal,  Miss 
Carrie  Wallace  Kearns.  Lunch  is  served  daily  except  Saturday  and 
Sujaday  at  11:45  a.  m.,  during  school  season.  The  school  begins  its 
afternoon  session  at  1  o'clock.  See  Deaf,  Elementary  and  Trade 
School,  page  23. 

Other  Public  Schools  having  School  Lunches:  Nos.  3,  8,  11,  20, 
21,  28,  34,  51,  84,  92,  95,  106,  107,  108,  120,  127,  147.  Addresses 
and  telephone  numbers  can  be  found  in  the  telephone  book  under 
City  of  New  York,  Pubhc  Schools.  Beginning  in  September,  1915, 
lunches  will  be  served  in  Pubhc  Schools,  Nos.  7,  17,  38,  42,  56, 
62,  65,  69,  75,  160,  177. 

Vocational  School  for  Boys,  Pubhc  School,  No.  100,  138th 
Street,  west  of  5th  Avenue,  New  York  City.  Telephone, 
Harlem  120.    Under  Board  of  Education. 


EDUCATION  37 

Principal:  Charles  J.  Pickett. 

The  school  gives  a  grounding  in  the  theory  and  practice  of  a  select- 
ed trade,  together  with  related  academic  work  and  mechanical  draw- 
ing. The  education  of  the  boy  is  focused  on  the  trades.  It  aims  to 
make  the  boys  of  real  service  to  their  employers  from  the  day  they 
enter  service. 

The  course  is  designed  to  cover  two  years  of  work  but  provision  is 
made  for  boys  who  desire  to  continue  longer. 

The  school  occupies  a  modern  building,  built  in  the  form  of  the 
letter  "H."  The  shops  were  designed  for  their  special  purpose  and 
are  well  equipped. 

To  be  admitted  to  the  trade  school  the  boy  need  not  be  a  graduate 
of  an  elementary  school,  but  he  must  be  14  years  old,  be  eligible  for  a 
work  certificate,  be  a  resident  of  greater  New  York  and  be  able  to 
pass  an  examination  conducted  by  the  principal.  Only  boys  of  good 
moral  character  are  admitted.  Boys  from  any  Borough  of  the  City 
may  apply. 

The  school  offers  instruction  in  the  following  trades,  taught  by 
experienced  mechanics:  Machine  shop  practice;  forge  work;  auto- 
mobile repairing  and  maintenance;  gas  engine  mechanics;  sheet  metal 
work  and  cornice  making;  patternmaking  and  wood  turning;  wood 
mill  practice  and  operation  q^  woodworking  machinery;  house  con- 
struction; cabinet  making;  electric  wiring  and  installation;  plumbing; 
tile-laying;  modelling  in  wax,  clay  plaster,  etc.;  commercial  design- 
ing; mechanical  and  architectural  drawing;  structural  steel  drawing; 
printing  and  bookbinding;  linotype  operating  and  monotype  operat- 
ing for  boys  who  have  had  two  or  more  years  in  printing;  photo- 
engraving and  process  work;  commercial  photography;  sign  painting 
and  show  card  writing;  electric  sign  manufacturing  and  operating. 
More  trades  are  to  be  added  during  the  coming  year.  Actual  work 
is  done  in  the  shops  for  the  City  Departments.  The  school  does  not 
sell  articles  in  the  open  market  and  is  dependent  upon  the  city  for 
orders,  but  has  the  privilege  of  refusing  an  order  or  taking  only  part 


38  FOUNDLINGS 

of  it,  SO  as  to  keep  the  work  subservient  to  the  training  of  the  students. 

Average  wage  after  two  years  of  training  for  boy  16  to  17  years  of 
age  is  $10  a  week  at  the  start. 

Supported  by  appropriation  from  the  City  of  New  York. 

For  permission  to  visit  the  school,  write  or  telephone  the  principal. 

The  school  is  open  from  Monday  to  Friday,  inclusive,  from  9  a.  m. 
to  5  p.  M.,  every  month  in  the  year  except  August. 

Take  Lenox  Avenue  subway  to  135th  Street. 

FOUNDLINGS 

New  York  Foundling  Hospital,  175  East  68th  Street  between 
Lexington  and  3rd  Avenues.  Telephone,  Plaza  1187.  Under 
the   charge  of  the  Sisters  of  Charity  of  St.  Vincent  de  Paul. 

Directress  and  Treasurer:  Sister  Teresa  Vincent. 

This  is  a  catholic  institution  whose  purpose  is  to  receive  foundling 
and  deserted  children  of  New  York  City.  Mothers  who  are  willing 
to  act  as  nurses  are  received  with  their  babies  and  are  expected  to 
care  for  one  other  baby  as  well  as  their  own.  Needy  and  homeless 
mothers  are  also  received. 

There  is  an  Out-door  Department  and  a  larger  number  of  babies 
are  boarded  out  and  cared  for  by  nurses  in  their  own  homes  than  are 
cared  for  in  the  institution.  These,  nurses  are  respectable  poor 
women  with  families,  who  use  the  money  paid  them  principally  for 
payment  of  rent.  They  are  required  to  bring  the  babies  under  their 
charge  to  the  hospital  each  month,  the  first  Wednesday,  when  the 
children  are  examined  as  to  their  physical  condition  and  the  women 
are  paid  for  their  services,  the  pay  being  $10  per  month.  The  ex- 
pense of  the  Out-door  Department  averages  about  $16,500  monthly. 
The  babies  are  supplied  with  clothes  by  the  hospital  and  are  visited 
and  supervised  in  the  homes  in  which  they  are  boarded,  and  if  ill 
are  returned  for  care  to  the  hospital. 

Children  are  placed  in  homes  in  the  west;  about  500  being  placed 
in  cathoUc  families  every  year.  A  training  school  for  nurses  is  con- 


HEALTH  39 

ducted  in  connection  with  St.  Vincent's  Hospital.  There  is  a  country- 
home  for  the  babies  near  Huguenot,  Staten  Island,  called  The 
Eurana  Schwab. 

The  institution  is  on  the  congregate  plan  and  consists  of  a  group  of 
nine  buildings  occupying  an  entire  city  block.  The  central  building 
of  six  stories  with  an  East  and  West  wing  is  connected  by  corridors 
two  stories  high.  These  contain  the  parlors  and  offices,  the  sisters' 
apartments,  dormitories  for  children  and  nurses,  sewing  rooms  and 
kindergarten.  The  children's  hospital  is  on  69th  Street  and  3rd 
Avenue,  and  the  maternity  hospital  building,  for  both  rich  and  poor 
patients,  is  on  69th  Street  and  Lexington  Avenue.  The  buildings  on 
69th  Street  between  the  two  hospitals  contain  the  kitchen  and 
quarantine  quarters  for  contagious  diseases.  There  are  some  fine  old 
trees  in  the  grounds  surrounding  the  institution,  also  four  yards, 
which  are  used  for  play  and  exercise  grounds  for  the  children  and 
patients. 

Receives  infant  children  with  or  without  their  mothers. 

Capacity:  700  children  provided  for  in  the  asylum  1850  others 
boarded  out  in  the  Out-Door  Department.  In  1913  there  were 
2326  babies  admitted.  Of  these  nearly  1000  were  wet  nursed  in 
and  out  of  the  Institution. 

Supported  by  voluntary  contributions  and  per  capita  allowance 
from  the  city.  Children  over  2  years  of  age  are  paid  for  at  the  rate  of 
$2.50  per  week.    Homeless  mothers  $12  per  month. 

Inspected  by  the  State  Board  of  Charities  and  the  Department  of 
Health. 

For  permission  to  visit,  write  or  telephone  the  Sister  Superior, 
at  the  Hospital. 

HEALTH 

Milk  Stations,  under  the  Department  of  Health,  Bureau  of  Child 
Hygiene.  Director  of  Bureau  of  Child  Hygiene;  S.  Josephine 
Baker,  M.D.,  Centre  and  Walker  Streets,  Telephone,  6280 
Frankhn. 


40  HEALTH 

The  Department  of  Health  maintains  Milk  Stations  for  dispensing 
milk  and  for  examination  of  babies.  Each  station  is  in  charge 
of  a  graduate  nurse  assisted  by  a  matron,  and  a  physician  who  visits 
the  station  at  definite  hours  two  or  three  times  a  week.  Mothers  are 
instructed  both  at  the  stations  and  in  their  homes,  in  the  proper  care 
and  feeding  of  their  babies.  Maternal  nursing  is  encouraged.  The 
mother  of  every  new-born  child  within  a  radius  of  four  blocks  receives 
a  letter  from  the  Department  calling  her  attention  to  the  milk 
station  and  urging  her  to  visit  it. 

The  department  maintains  twenty-eight  milk  stations  situated  in 
the  most  densely  populated  districts  of  the  Borough  of  Manhattan. 

122  Mulberry  Street  is  a  Department  of  Health  milk  station. 
Telephone  Frankhn  501. 

Nurse  in  charge:   Miss  Gravitt. 

The  station  is  in  what  was  formerly  a  store.  The  equipment  is 
very  simple,  a  huge  ice  box,  weighing  scales,  nurses'  table  and  enam- 
elled cabinets  for  the  necessary  cuUnary  and  medical  articles,  and 
the  file  boxes  for  records.    Everything  is  scrupulously  clean. 

New  babies  are  stripped  and  weighed  and  the  weight  recorded 
on  an  individual  chart.  The  history  card  is  filled  in  and  food  for 
the  baby  ordered  by  the  nurse  or  doctor,  if  it  is  found  to  be  im- 
possible for  the  mother  to  nurse  her  baby.  The  mother  procures  her 
supply  of  milk,  is  told  where  to  buy  bottles,  barley  flour,  etc.,  and 
returns  to  her  home  to  which  the  nurse  soon  follows  her  to  give  her 
a  lesson  in  simple  hygiene  and  to  teach  her  how  to  prepare  the  food 
for  the  baby  in  her  own  surroundings.  She  is  encouraged  to  bring 
her  baby  to  the  station  on  clinic  days  to  report  progress  and  for 
further  consultation  with  the  doctor.  Very  sick  babies  are  referred 
to  hospitals  or  to  private  physicians.  Careful  records  are  kept  and 
the  cases  "^are  followed  up.  Eight  cents  a  quart  is  charged  for  the 
milk  and  if  the  mother  is  unable  to  pay,  through  an  arrangement 
with  the  Charity  Organization  Society,  the  Association  for  Im- 
proving   the    Condition  of   the    Poor,    and    the  United  Hebrew 


HOUSING  41 

Charities  such  cases  are  reported  to  them  for  investigation  and 
help.  During  the  winter  months  the  doctor  holds  a  clinic  twice 
a  week  on  Monday  and  Thursday  from  9.00  a.  m.  to  12.30  p.  m. 
In  July  and  August  cUnics  are  held  nearly  every  day.  In  June 
1915,  from  35  to  50  babies  were  brought  to  each  morning  clinic 
at  this  station. 

For  permission  to  visit,  write  or  telephone  to  the  Department  of 
Health.    The  morning  a  cUnic  is  held  is  the  best  time  to  visit. 

There  is  another  Milk  Station  at  244  Mulberry  Street  and  a 
Diet  Kitchen  Milk  Station  at  169  Mott  Street  in  the  near  neighbor- 
hood. 

Take  subway  to  Spring  Street  station,  walk  one  block  east  to 
Mulberry  Street  and  south  to  122. 

The  addresses  and  telephone  numbers  of  the  other  milk  stations 
can  be  found  in  the  New  York  City,  Telephone  Directory  under 
City  of  New  York,  Health,  Department  of. 

HOUSING 

Junior  League  House,  78th  Street  and  the  East  River.  Tele- 
phone, Lenox  7730,  under  City  and  Suburban  Homes  Company. 

Manager:  Miss  Virginia    Cogswell. 

This  is  a  modern  hotel  for  self-supporting  women  with  only  the 
usual  hotel  restrictions.  There  is  a  day  and  night  elevator  service, 
steam  heat,  laundry,  sewing  and  typewriting  room,  Ubrary,  private 
reception  rooms,  entertainment  hall  and  a  roof  garden.  A  buss  runs 
free  of  charge  for  an  hour  in  the  morning  and  the  afternoon  to  the 
nearest  elevated  stations. 

The  house  is  charmingly  situated  on  the  East  River,  and  was 
built  in  1911  by  the  City  and  Suburban  Homes  Company,  which 
also  manages  the  hotel.  Subscriptions  to  the  capital  stock  of  the 
company  for  the  erection  of  the  hotel  were  made  by  members  of  the 
Junior  League  of  the  City  of  New  York. 


42  HOUSING 

Receives  women  of  all  ages. 

Capacity:  326 

The  rates  are  from  $4.50  to  $6.00  per  week  for  board  and  lodging, 
transients  are  received  for  $1.00  per  day. 

For  permission  to  visit,  write  or  telephone  the  manager. 

Nearest  3rd  Avenue  elevated  station  76th  Street. 

Nearest  2nd  Avenue  elevated  Station  82nd  Street. 

The  Home  Hospital  78th  Street  and  the  East  River,  see  page  80, 
can  be  visited  at  the  same  time. 

Municipal  Lodging  House,  432  East  25th  Street,  New  York 
City.  Telephone,  Madison  Square  977.  Under  the  Depart- 
ment of  Public  Charities. 

Acting  Superintendent:  William  A.  Whiting. 

The  Lodging  House  is  for  the  use  of  casual  homeless  men  and 
women  from  any  part  of  the  city.  Habitual  vagrants  are  taken 
before  a  magistrate,  who  commits  them  to  the  workhouse  if  satis- 
fied of  the  justice  of  such  a  course. 

An  effort  is  made  to  make  the  housing  of  the  men  an  incident  in  a 
plan  of  rehabilitation.  The  men  are  given  individual  attention, 
decent  accommodation,  and  those  who  are  wiUing  to  work  are  helped 
to  find  an  opportunity.  They  are  allowed  to  work  one  day  and  to 
look  for  a  job  the  next,  this  alternation  being  continued  for  a  week  or 
longer.  The  Municipal  Employment  Bureau  posts  a  daily  list  of 
available  positions.  Work  records  are  kept  of  the  men  and  an 
effort  is  made  to  fill  the  positions  advertised  with  men  whose  ex- 
perience has  fitted  them  to  do  such  work  satisfactorily. 

The  Lodging  House  was  opened  in  1909.  It  cost  the  city  over 
$400,000  to  build  and  is  a  six  story  building  of  a  hotel-like  appearance. 
On  the  first  floor  are  the  executive  offices,  the  waiting  rooms  for  men 
and  women  at  opposite  sides  of  the  house,  and  the  kitchen  and  dining 
rooms  for  the  men.  The  second  floor  is  reserved  for  the  women's 
dormitories,  shower  baths,  dining  room,  etc.    Two  or  three  private 


HOUSING  43 

rooms  have  been  fitted  for  a  mother  and  baby,  or  for  an  occasional 
woman  evidently  of  a  better  class.  The  third  floor  contains  doctors' 
offices,  a  segregation  ward  for  contagious  diseases  and  dormitories 
for  the  men.  On  the  fourth  and  fifth  floor  are  lodgers'  dormitories 
and  separate  rooms  used  by  the  present  superintendent  and  his 
family,  and  on  the  sixth  floor  are  accommodations  for  the  paid  and 
unpaid  help.  The  roof  garden  is  used  in  part  by  the  women  and 
in  part  by  the  superintendent.  The  basement  contains  the  shower- 
baths  for  the  men,  disinfecting  plant,  laundry,  and  clothes  room, 
the  vacuum  sweeping  machinery  and  the  fan  room  for  improving 
the  ventilation. 

The  breaking  of  stone,  on  Blackwell's  Island  as  an  evidence 
of  good  faith  is  no  longer  required  and  there  are  now  three  classes 
of  workers  in  the  lodging  house.  The  first  class  are  those  who 
clean  the  institution  and  do  the  cooking  and  washing;  there  are 
about  80  of  these,  a  few  of  whom  are  paid.  Next  come  men  who 
clean  the  streets,  the  lodging  house  being  held  responsible  for  the 
cleaning  of  three  or  four  streets  in  the  neighborhood.  The  rest  do  the 
sewing  of  the  institution,  which  is  done  by  men,  the  women  only 
doing  the  mending.  The  lodgers  are  given  supper  and  breakfast  and 
a  dinner  if  they  are  working  for  the  institution.  The  sheets  and 
pillow  cases  are  washed  every  night  and  blankets  once  a  week. 

There  are  two  paid  men  doctors  appointed  from  the  civil  service 
list,  a  woman  doctor  to  look  after  the  women  and  a  dentist  who 
visits  the  house  once  a  week. 

Capacity:  1000  people.  It  is  full  every  night  in  winter.  About 
forty  of  the  lodgers  are  women. 

Supported  by  appropriation  from  the  City  of  New  York. 

Inspected  by  the  State  Board  of  Charities  and  the  State 
Charities  Aid  Association. 

For  permission  to  visit,  write  or  telephone  to  the  superinten- 
dent. 


44  HOUSING 

Tenement  Houses  in  New  York  City,  under  Tenement  House  De- 
partment. Municipal  Building,  Centre  and  Chambers  Streets, 
Telephone  Worth  1526. 

Commissioner:  John  J.  Murphy 

The  department  is  charged  with  enforcing  the  tenement  house  law. 

Plans  and  specifications  for  the  alteration  of  old  buildings  and  the 
construction  of  new  must  be  submitted  to  the  department  which  also 
receives  complaints  in  regard  to  unsafe,  unsanitary  and  immoral 
conditions  in  existing  tenement  houses.  It  keeps  on  file  the  names 
and  addresses  of  owners  of  tenement  houses,  description  of  such 
property,  carefully  classified  records  of  the  tenements  inspected 
and  other  sociological  data. 

It  is  not  necessary  to  get  permission  to  visit  tenement  houses. 
Anyone  can  walk  through  the  public  halls,  climb  to  the  roof  and 
examine  the  yards  and  cellars.  Tact  should  be  used  in  dealing  with 
the  janitors  and  to  inspect  the  inside  of  a  flat  it  is  necessary  to  ask 
his  assistance,  or  to  excite  the  interest  of  the  individual  occupier, 
which  can  often  be  accompHshed  by  a  friendly  word  or  question, 
as  the  owner  stands  at  the  door. 

The  routes  given  below  take  in  some  of  the  worst  and  some  of  the 
best  housing  conditions  in  Manhattan. 

Route  1. 

Take  4th  Avenue  surface  car  going  south  to  Grand  Street,  transfer 
east  5  blocks  to  Orchard  Street.    Walk  south  to 

53  Orchard  Street,  rear  tenements,  back  to  back.  Walk  north  to 
Grand  Street  and  east  1  block  to  Ludlow  Street  and  south  to 

54  Ludlow  Street,  converted  house,  water  closets  in  yard,  ex- 
tensions of  house  next  door  cover  most  of  yard. 

53  Ludlow  Street,  climb  to  roof,  see  shaft  2  x  24;  water  closets  in 
hall.  Walk  south  on  Ludlow  Street  to  Hester  Street  and  1  block 
east  to  Essex  Street  and  south  to 

13-15  Essex  Street,  single  and  dumb-bell  shaft.  Go  through 
cellar.    From  roof  see  fire-escapes  on  neighboring  buildings,  double 


HOUSING  45 

rung  incline,  new  law  vertical  ladder,  bridge,  dilapidated  fire  escapes 
on  wooden  building  on  Grand  Street.    Walk  north  to 

33  Essex  Street,  New  Law  tenement,  yard  court.  See  from  roof 
old  type  shaft.  1  brick  by  6  bricks  (9"  by  54'')  belonging  to  No. 
35  Essex  Street.  Walk  north  to  Grand  Street  and  west  2  blocks 
to  Orchard  Street  and  north  to 

75-83  Orchard  Street,  New  Law  tenements.  Note  double  inner 
court  24'  X  29'.  Walk  north  to  Broome  Street  and  west  to  4th 
Avenue  surface  line. 

Route  2. 

Take  4th  Avenue  surface  car  to  Grand  Street,  transfer  east  to 
Pitt  Street.    Walk  north  on  Pitt  Street  to 

13  Pitt  Street,  basement  passage  128  ft.  long,  double  dumb-bell 
shaft,  4  basement  flats,  24  families.  Note  vertical  ladder  fire-escapes 
in  this  street.    Walk  north  to  Broome  Street  and  west  to 

132  Broome  Street,  long  hopper  closets  in  yard.  Walk  west  1 
block  to  Attorney  Street  and  south  to 

33  Attorney  Street,  front  and  rear  tenements,  party  wall  balcony 
in  rear  tenement.  Rents  front  house  $18  and  $19,  rear  house  $9 
and  $10.  Note  clean  halls  and  yard,  shows  in  what  good  condition 
an  old  house  can  be  kept.  Walk  north  on  Attorney  Street  to 
Broome  Street  and  west  on  Broome  Street  to 

174  Broome  Street,  New  Law  tenement.  Note  arrangement  of 
court  in  corner  house.    Walk  north  on  Clinton  Street  to 

133  CUnton  Street.  Go  through  alley  to  rear  tenement,  dumb- 
bell shaft  on  right,  closet  in  yard.    Walk  north  to 

57  Clinton  Street.  Climb  to  roof.  Note  new  5'  x  5'  shaft  ordered 
by  Tenement  House  Department  to  ventilate  interior  rooms.  Party 
wall  balconies  on  houses  in  rear.    Hall  closets. 

58  Clinton  Street,  Kosher  meat  shop.  Walk  west  on  Rivington 
Street  to  4th  Avenue. 

Either  of  these  Routes  can  be  taken  at  the  same  time  Henry 
Street  Settlement  is  visited.    See  page  72. 


46  IMMIGRATION 

Route  3.     (Uptown). 

Take  28th  Street  Crossline  car  going  east  to  First  Avenue  and 
walk  west  to 

313-15  East  28th  Street,  New  Law  tenement  with  Italians,  showing 
difficulties  of  maintenance.  Inner  court,  24  feet  square.  Rents  $12 
for  four  rooms.     No  heat. 

227  East  28th  Street.  Climb  to  roof;  see  half  of  dumb-bell  shaft 
next  to  half  of  2'  x  48'  shaft.  Cross  to  next  roof  to  left  and  see  double 
dumb-bell  shaft.    Water  closets  are  in  halls. 

382  Third  Avenue,  rear  tenement.  Passage  is  through  hall  of  front 
tenement,  fire  egress  to  adjoining  yard,  sink  in  hall.  Front  tenement 
3'  x  5'  window  cut  to  interior  bedroom  second  floor  rear.  Sink  is 
in  hall;  long  hopper  water-closets  in  hall  with  no  ventilation.  Walk 
north  on  Third  Avenue  to  30th  Street  and  west  to 

141  East  30th  Street,  New  Law  tenement.  Note  yard  courts, 
fire-escapes,  basement  rooms,  fire-proofing  of  halls. 

143  East  30th  Street,  Old  Law  tenement.  Note  yard  courts  60 
feet  deep,  apartment  seven  rooms  deep.  Walk  to  31st  Street  and 
2nd  Avenue  and  east  to 

335  East  31st  Street,  Phipps  Model  tenements,  designed  by 
Grosvenor  Atterbury,  managed  by  City  and  Suburban  Homes  Com- 
pany. Rent,  $1.50  per  week,  per  room.  Note  roof  garden  and  courts. 
Walk  to  32nd  Street  and  2nd  Avenue  and  east  to 

339  East  32nd  Street,  open  stair  tenements.  Economy  of  space, 
twenty-eight  rooms  to  a  50  foot  lot;  six  stories,  60  feet  high,  obtained 
by  saving  in  thickness  of  floors.    Architect:  I.  N.  Phelps-Stokes. 

IMMIGRATION 

United  States  Immigration  Station,  Ellis  Island,  New  York 
Harbor,  Telephone,  Broad  6301.    Under  Federal  control. 
Commissioner:  Frederic  C.  Howe. 
Ciovernment  immigrant  inspectors,  surgeons  of  the  Public  Health 


IMMIGRATION  47 

and  Marine  Hospital  Service,  and  interpreters  board  all  incoming 
steamers  at  quarantine,  and  examine  all  alien  cabin  passengers  on 
board  ship.  They  also  discharge  at  the  dock  all  citizens  arriving  by 
steerage  and  examine  all  alien  cabin  passengers  on  board  ship. 
Such  persons  as  are  not  eligible  to  land  are  taken  to  Ellis  Island  and 
are  detained  there  pending  investigations.  Those  debarred  from 
landing  by  decision  of  the  Board  of  Special  Inquiry  are  returned  to 
the  countries  whence  they  came  at  the  expense  of  the  responsible 
steamship  company.  Steerage  passengers  are  transferred  by  barges 
from  the  docks  to  Ellis  Island,  where  they  are  inspected  under  the 
Immigration  Laws.  Those  admitted  are  facilitated  in  reaching  their 
destinations.  Those  going  to  New  York  and  vicinity  are,  when 
necessary,  accomodated  until  friends  call  for  them. 

Provision  is  made  for  the  maintenance,  at  the  expense  of  the  steam- 
ship companies,  of  those  who  are  detained  pending  investigation,  and 
for  the  hospital  care  of  arriving  immigrants  who  are  ill  or  disabled. 
Alien  immigrants  who  have  become  a  public  charge  within  three 
years  after  landing  from  causes  existing  prior  to  landing  may  in  cer- 
tain specified  cases  be  returned. 

Ellis  Island  has  been  an  immigration  station  under  Federal  control 
since  1891.  The  Island  contains  an  administration  building,  sur- 
mounted by  four  towers,  a  smaller  building  adjoining  and  a  large 
hospital  building,  all  built  about  1899.  The  hospital  has  since  been 
twice  enlarged.  Thirteen  isolated  hospitals  for  various  contagious 
diseases  were  built  by  the  Government  in  1911.  They  are  on  the 
cottage  plan  and  are  placed  to  the  south  of  the  other  buildings. 
An  outdoor  recreation  room  for  detained  immigrants  was  added  in 
1915;  other  improvements  are  planned. 

Ellis  Island  receives  the  largest  number  of  immigrants  of  any  port 
of  entry  in  the  United  States.  In  1913-1914  a  total  of  1,218,480 
aliens  were  admitted  at  all  ports;  892,653  of  these  passed  through 
EUis  Island. 

The  aliens  upon  leaving  the  barges  at  Ellis  Island,  enter  the  medical 


48  IMMIGRATION 

department  and  file  past  doctors,  who  examine  each  immigrant, 
sometimes  seven  or  eight  people  a  minute.  If  any  physical  defect 
appears  the  alien  is  held  for  further  examination,  and  is  passed  along 
a  different  line  to  a  special  waiting  room,  while  those  who  are  to  be 
allowed  to  proceed  go  upstairs. 

The  principal  classes  excluded  from  admission  are  idiots,  imbeciles, 
feeble-minded  persons  and  epileptics;  paupers  and  persons  likely  to 
become  a  public  charge;  persons  suffering  from  a  loathsome  or  dan- 
gerous contagious  disease;  criminals,  polygamists,  anarchists,  pro- 
stitutes, procurers,  assisted  immigrants  and  contract  laborers. 
Children  under  16  years  of  age  when  unaccompanied  by  either 
parent  are  not  admitted  except  at  the  discretion  of  the  authorities. 

The  immigrants  who  have  successfully  passed  the  medical  examina- 
tion go  upstairs  into  a  big  room,  surrounded  by  a  balcony,  which  is 
the  point  of  greatest  interest  to  the  visitors.  This  room  is  divided 
into  long,  narrow  sections  ending  in  a  desk  before  which  sits  an  immi- 
grant inspector,  and  when  necessary  an  interpreter  to  assist  him. 
These  inspectors  have  sheets  of  the  ship's  manifest  containing  in- 
formation in  regard  to  the  individual  immigrant,  such  as  age,  occupa- 
tion, nationality,  last  residence,  questions  in  regard  to  past  history, 
final  destination,  to  whom  going,  etc.  The  inspectors  are  the  final 
judges.  They  have  the  authority  to  pass  the  immigrant  or  to  hold 
him  for  further  investigation;  to  them  belongs  the  difficult  task  of 
determining  which  of  the  immigrants  do  and  which  do  not  present 
doubtful  cases  under  the  law.  One  of  these  desks  belongs  to  the 
Canadian  Government,  which  examines  immigrants  wishing  to 
enter  Canada  through  this  port  of  entry. 

If  an  immigrant  is  held  for  further  investigation  or  ''special  in- 
quiry," he  is  placed  in  the  room  at  the  west  end  of  the  floor  below  the 
balcony,  from  which  he  is  taken  before  one  of  the  several  boards  of 
special  inquiry.  These  boards  are  appointed  daily  by  the  Commis- 
sioner and  are  composed  of  three  inspectors,  who  after  hearing  the 
evidence,  have  the  power  to  admit  or  to  exclude  the  immigrant.    The 


IMMIGRATION  49 

excluded  immigrant  can  in  certain  cases,  appeal  to  the  Secretary  of 
Labor. 

Most  of  the  immigrants  successfully  pass  the  doctors,  the  in- 
spectors, and  the  courts  of  special  inquiry  and  are  allowed  to  land. 
They  descend  the  stairway  below  the  balcony  to  the  railroad  rooms, 
from  which  they  are  taken  to  various  railroad  terminals  in  and  near 
New  York  City.  Immigrants  bound  for  New  York  City  descend  the 
central  staircase  and  take  the  ferry  boat. 

Visitors  may  usually  visit  the  following  departments :  the  dormi- 
tories for  the  immigrants  which  open  off  the  balcony  of  the  big  room; 
dining  room  and  detention  quarters;  discharging  division.  The  latter 
division  includes:  railroad  quarters,  a  room  where  tickets  are  sold  to 
all  parts  of  the  United  States  and  money  exchanged;  a  waiting  room 
beyond  from  which  immigrants  are  taken  by  boat  to  the  various  rail- 
roads about  New  York,  and  where  food  is  sold  \mder  Government 
supervision,  in  boxes  costing  fifty  cents  and  one  dollar;  a  department 
where  detained  immigrants,  mostly  women  and  children,  are  met  by 
friends.  It  is  interesting  to  see  these  meetings.  Sometimes  the 
brother  or  husband  will  bring  American  clothes  for  the  women  to  put 
on  before  going  to  New  York. 

A  head  tax  of  $4  for  every  alien  entering  the  United  States  is 
collected  from  aUen  passengers  and  paid  by  the  steamship  company 
which  brought  the  immigrant.  Should  the  alien  be  rejected,  the 
steamship  companies  are  compelled  to  return  them,  free  of  charge, 
to  the  country  from  which  they  came  and  are  also  required  to  pay  the 
cost  of  their  maintenance  while  on  this  side. 

For  permission  to  visit,  write  to  the  Commissioner.  Visitors  are 
not  allowed  on  the  Island  after  3  o'clock.  The  10  a.  m.  boat  is  the 
best  one  to  take. 

Boats  leave  the  Barge  Office,  South  Ferry,  daily  every  hour  from 
10  A.  M.  to  2  p.  M.,  returning  from  Ellis  Island  on  the  half -hours. 
No  charge. 

Take  subway  to  South  Ferry  or  3rd,  6th  or  9th  Avenue  elevated 
to  South  Ferry. 


50  ORPHANASYLUMS 

Time  from  South  Ferry  to  Ellis  Island,  15  minutes.  It  takes  2 
hours  to  see  the  Immigration  Station. 

ORPHAN  ASYLUMS 

The  Hebrew  Orphan  Asylum  of  the  City  of  New  York,  138th 
Street  and  Amsterdam  Avenue.  Telephone,  Audubon  910-911. 
Under  the  control  of  a  Board  of  Trustees;  President,  Louis  Stern. 

Superintendent:  Solomon  Lowenstein. 

An  Institution  for  the  care,  education,  and  training  of  Jewish 
orphans,  half  orphans  and  indigent  children,  of  both  sexes. 

It  is  built  on  the  congregate  plan,  and  occupies  thirteen  acres  of 
ground.  It  consists  of  one  large  building,  Reception  Hospital  and 
power  house.  The  Reception  Hospital  is  used  for  quarantining  all 
newly  admitted  children,  the  two  top  floors  being  re::erved  for  con- 
tagious diseases.  The  main  building  contains  the  administration 
oflftces,  Synagogue,  dormitories,  playrooms,  classrooms,  kitchen, 
bakery,  gymnasium,  and  infirmary. 

The  school  is  conducted  in  the  Orphan  Asylum,  through  the  6  B 
classes,  under  the  supervision  of  the  Board  of  Education.  During 
the  last  two  years  of  elementary  work  the  children  are  sent  to 
the  public  schools  in  the  neighborhood.  Those  graduating  from 
the  public  schools,  attend  the  various  high  schools,  vocational  school, 
and  technical  schools  of  the  city.  A  few  of  them  attend  the  College 
of  the  City  of  New  York,  and  Hunter  College.  In  addition  to  public 
school  education,  the  institution  offers  classes  for  manual  training, 
mechanical  drawing,  chair  caning,  bookkeeping  and  stenography; 
plain  sewing,  embroidery,  commercial  embroidery,  dressmaking, 
machine  operating,  and  cooking.  In  connection  with  the  musical 
education,  there  is  a  choir,  military  band,  field  music,  and 
orchestra.  Gifted  children  are  given  lessons  on  the  vioUn, 
piano,  and  cello,  and  every  effort  is  made  to  encourage  any  individ- 
ual talent. 


ORPHANASYLUMS  51 

The  asylum  has  a  small  Country  Home  (Capacity,  50)  for  anaemic 
children  at  Valhalla,  Westchester  County. 

In  addition  to  the  children  in  the  institution,  children  are  also 
boarded  out  in  private  families,  and  the  asylum  grants  pensions  to 
mothers  in  co-operation  with  the  United  Hebrew  Charities,  the 
Widowed  Mothers'  Fund  Association,  and  in  some  cases,  without 
co-operation.    No  help  is  received  from  the  city  in  this  work. 

Capacity,  1250  children. 

Receives  children  between  the  ages  of  5  and  12  years. 

Supported  by  voluntary  contributions  and  city  funds.  The  annual 
per  capita  received  from  the  city  is  $130  for  each  child  committed. 

The  per  capita  cost  to  the  institution  is  approximately  $190. 
Inspected  by  the  State  Board  of  Charities  and  Department  of 
Health. 

The  building  is  open  for  inspection  to  visitors  on  all  days,  Sat- 
urday excepted,  between  the  hours  of  9  a.  m.  and  5  p.  m. 

Take  Broadway  subway  to  137th  Street. 

Hebrew  Sheltering  Guardian  Society  of  New  York,  Pleasant- 
ville,  Westchester  County,  New  York.  Telephone,  Pleasant- 
ville  164.  Under  the  control  of  a  Board  of  Directors,  with 
four  Honorary  Directresses. 

Superintendent:  Ludwig  B.  Bernstein. 

The  object  of  the  institution  is  to  care  for  and  instruct  children  of 
Jewish  parentage  and  to  make  of  them  good  and  reputable  members 
of  the  community  by  giving  them  the  right  kind  of  home,  the  right 
kind  of  school  and  the  right  kind  of  vocation. 

The  institution  moved  500  children  from  a  crowded  congregate 
institution  in  New  York  City  to  Pleasant ville  in  July,  1912.  The 
orphan  asylum  has  180  acres  of  land  situated  on  the  hills  above 
Pleasant  ville.  It  is  built  on  the  cottage  plan  and  has  more 
than  30  buildings  arranged  according  to  an  excellent  general 
design  for  the  institution  as  a  whole.    There  are  20  cottages  with 


52  ORPHANASYLUM8 

accommodations  for  30  children,  each  presided  over  by  a  house 
mother  and  with  its  own  kitchens  and  dining  rooms.  The  institution 
encourages  a  well  organized  form  of  self-government  and  every 
cottage  has  its  republic,  which  elects  representatives  to  the  boys'  and 
girls'  republic  councils.  The  children  do  all  the  work,  including  the 
cooking;  there  are  inter  cottage  competitions  for  general  efficiency 
and  banners  are  given  for  cleanliness,  scholarship  and  the  personal 
appearance  of  the  children. 

The  academic  work  is  all  done  in  the  institution  and  every  child 
has  the  chance  to  graduate  from  the  institution's  high  school.  The 
boys  and  girls  are  taught  together  and  the  teachers  are  mostly  men 
who  have  had  a  university  training  and  who  live  in  the  different 
cottages;  this  makes  the  home  life  more  natural  and  brings  a  mas- 
cuUne  influence  into  the  children's  Uves.  The  training  in  the  techni- 
cal schools  covers  a  period  of  eight  years;  it  is  not  limited  to  one  trade 
but  is  planned  so  that  the  children  may  have  their  abihties  tested 
before  they  are  allowed  to  specialize  in  the  ninth  year.  The  boys 
acquire  a  knowledge  of  woodwork,  machine  work,  electric  shop  work, 
drawing  in  various  branches,  shorthand  and  t5^ewriting.  The  girls 
training  includes  instruction  in  free  hand  drawing,  in  art,  sewing, 
dressmaking,  costume  designing,  milHnery,  embroidery,  domestic 
science,  stenography  and  typewriting. 

Other  activities  of  the  institution  are  a  boarding-out  bureau,  which 
provides  homes  for  children  under  eight  years  of  age,  or  for  older 
children  who  for  some  reason  have  not  done  well  in  the  institution. 
"Fellowship  House"  in  New  York  City  is  the  After  Care  Depart- 
ment of  the  Institution.  It  contains  clubs,  social  rooms,  and  lecture 
halls.  The  House  also  maintains  an  employment  bureau,  provides 
friends  for  the  children  when  they  leave  the  institution,  and  keeps 
in  touch  with  the  alumni. 

Receives  boys  and  girls  under  16. 

Capacity:  600  in  the  institution;  320  boarded  out  in  carefully 
supervised  homes. 


0RPHANA8YLUMS  53 

Supported  by  voluntary  contributions  and  per  capita  payments  of 
$150  from  the  city,  cost  to  institution  $240.  Inspected  by  the  State 
Board  of  Charities  and  Department  of  Health. 

For  permission  to  visit,  write  or  telephone  the  superintendent. 
It  takes  about  three  hours  to  see  the  institution. 

Trains  leave  the  Harlem  Division  of  the  New  York  Central  from 
the  Grand  Central  Station.  Return  ticket  to  Thornwood  station 
$1.25.  Time  from  Grand  Central  to  Thornwood  three  quarters  of  an 
hour.    The  institution  is  about  one  quarter  of  a  mile  from  the  station. 

Orphan  Asylum  Society  in  the  City  of  New  York,  Hastings-on- 
Hudson,  near  Yonkers,  New  York.  Telephone,  Yonkers  1236. 
Under  the  control  of  a  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

Superintendent:  R.  R.  Reeder. 

A  Protestant  Orphan  Asylum  for  destitute  orphans  of  both  sexes 
and  for  half  orphans,  when  the  surviving  parent  is  destitute  or  dis- 
qualified mentally  or  physically  to  support  the  child. 

Children  are  indentured  to  the  Orphan  Asylum  until  they  are 
18  years  old. 

The  Orphan  Asylum  is  an  excellent  example  of  an  institution  on  the 
cottage  plan.  It  consists  of  a  beautiful  administration  building  in 
40  acres  of  lovely  grounds,  over-looking  the  Hudson,  with  nine 
cottages,  five  for  boys,  and  four  for  girls  and  various  other  buildings. 
There  is  accommodation  for  twenty-five  children  in  each  cottage. 

This  institution  was  conducted  on  the  congregate  plan  for  nearly 
100  years.  Founded  in  1806,  it  remained  in  the  city  until  1902, 
when  it  moved  to  Hastings-on-Hudson  where  it  was  reorganized. 

The  freedom  and  sociability  of  ordinary  life  is  allowed  the  children 
and  all  sorts  of  indoor  games  and  out-door  sports  are  played.  The 
boys  and  girls  play  together. 

The  children  are  taught  in  schools  in  the  institution.  A  few  of  the 
older  ones  attend  high  school,  and  some  are  helped  to  go  to  college. 

Most  of  the  work  of  the  houses  and  the  farm  is  done  by  the  children, 
the  work  being  supervised  and  credited  and  paid  for  in  wages.    The 


54  PRISONS 

boys  are  instructed  in  manual  training,  gardening,  care  of  poultry, 
and  stock,  and  home  making  industries.  The  girls  are  taught  cooking, 
sewing,  dressmaking,  and  laundry,  dining-room  and  chambermaid 
service. 

Receives  children  both  boys  and  girls  from  the  ages  of  2  to  10 
years. 

Capacity:  225. 

The  Society  is  a  private  charity,  receives  no  pubhc  money  and  is 
not  inspected  by  the  State  Board  of  Charities.  Costs  about  $275  per 
capita  a  year. 

For  permission  to  visit,  write  or  telephone  the  superintendent. 
It  takes  about  two  hours  to  see  the  institution. 

Take  New  York  Central  and  Hudson  River  Railroad  to  Yonkers. 
Near  station  take  Warburton  Avenue  surface  car,  which  passes 
the  entrance  to  the  institution.  Twenty  minutes  from  Yonkers. 
Costs  sixty  cents  return.  Time  one  hour  from  Grand  Central  Station 
to  Orphanage. 

Or  take  Broadway  subway  to  Van  Cortland  Park  station 
(242nd  Street),  then  surface  car  to  Yonkers  and  transfer  to  Warbur- 
ton Avenue  car.  Costs  ten  cents  each  way.  Time  one  hour  and  forty 
minutes  by  subway  route  from  42nd  Street  to  Orphanage. 

PRISONS 

The  City  Prison  of  Manhattan,   corner  Centre  and  FrankUn 
Streets,  New  York,  popularly  called  The  TomhSy  First  District 
City  Prison,  under  the  Department  of  Corrections. 
Warden:  John  J.  Hanley. 

For  persons  awaiting  trial  and  for  those  sentenced  to  prison  for 
short  terms  for  misdemeanors.  Civil  prisoners  are  not  received. 
Men  and  women  over  sixteen  years  of  age  are  admitted.  Average 
population  over  700;  something  over  sixty  of  these  are  women. 

The  prison  consists  of  three  parts,  two  annexes,  built  25  years 


PRISONS  '  55 

ago,  and  a  new  prison  10  years  old.  It  has  the  cell  block  scheme, 
cells  are  6'  4"  x  8'  IW  x  8'  4''.  Each  cell  contains  a  toilet  and 
running  water,  and  an  electric  light.  One  of  the  annexes,  25  years 
old,  is  used  as  a  female  prison.  The  work  is  done  by  prisoners 
serving  sentence,  transferred  for  that  purpose  from  the  workhouse. 

Inspected  by  the  State  Commission  of  Prisons  and  the  Prison 
Association  of  New  York. 

For  pass  to  visit,  write  or  telephone  the  Commissioner  of 
Correction,  Miss  Katharine  B.  Davis,  Municipal  Building,  Centre  and 
Chambers  Streets.  Telephone  Worth  1610.  Visitors  must  go  in  the 
morning. 

Nearest  subway  station,  Worth  Street.  Nearest  3rd  Avenue  ele- 
vated station,  Park  Row. 

New  York  County  Penitentiary,  Blackwell's  Island.  Under  the 
Department  of  Correction. 

Warden:  John  J.  Murpha. 

The  penitentiary  is  for  the  reception  and  employment  of  persons 
convicted  of  misdemeanors  and  minor  crimes,  for  terms  of  30 
days  or  less  to  one  year,  and  in  exceptional  cases,  for  persons  sentenc- 
ed for  a  longer  term.  It  may  transfer  some  of  its  inmates  to  other 
institutions  in  the  department  and  may  receive  transfers  from  them. 
Receives  also  felons  and  vagrants  or  tramps  for  whom  the  State  pays 
board.  Commitments  made  by  the  Justices  of  the  General, 
Special  Sessions  and  County  Courts,  as  well  as  City  Magistrates. 

It  receives  its  inmates  principally  from  Manhattan,  Kings,  Bronx, 
Queens  and  Richmond,  the  five  counties  of  greater  New  York.  It  is 
one  of  the  five  penitentiaries  in  the  State,  the  others  being  situated  at 
Albany,  Buffalo,  Jamesville  near  Syracuse  and  Rochester. 

The  prison  is  on  Blackwell's  Island  facing  New  York  City  opposite 
55th  Street.  It  consists  of  an  administration  building  and  four  cell 
blocks.  The  main  building  with  the  north  and  south  wings  was  built 
in  1840,  about  16  years  after  Sing  Sing  prison,  the  cell  block  being 


56  PRISONS 

on  the  same  plan  as  at  Sing  Sing.  Two  additions  to  the  original  cell 
blocks  have  been  made  since.  Most  of  the  shops  are  in  one  building, 
to  which  an  extension  has  been  added.  The  cell  blocks  contain  the 
following  number  of  cells,  South  hall,  240;  Old  prison,  256;  West 
prison,  240;  and  North  prison,  368.  The  original  windows  were 
small  and  have  been  replaced  by  large  windows  extending  the  full 
height  of  the  outside  wall  which  fill  the  cell  blocks  with  lights  and 
shadows,  emphasizing  the  pathetic  beauty  of  the  large  spaces  and 
long  vistas,  which  is  so  often  found  in  the  older  institutions  and 
which  has  something  of  the  charm  of  an  18th  century  print. 

The  cells  have  no  direct  light  and  air  and  the  bucket  system  is  in 
use.  Most  of  them  are  T  3"  long  by  3'  8''  wide  by  7'  3''  high, 
except  in  the  North  prison  where  the  cells  are  8'  by  5'  6". 

Receives  adult  males  and  boys  over  16.  Women  prisoners  have 
lately  been  removed  to  the  City  Prison  in  Queens. 

Boys  under  21  are  separated  as  much  as  possible  from  adults; 
they  are  confined  in  cells  in  the  South  prison  and  have  a  separate 
mess  room. 

Capacity:  1104.  Population  about  1800.  This  makes  it  neces- 
sary to  place  two  persons  in  more  than  half  the  cells. 

The  industries  proper  are  under  the  supervision  of  a  general  fore- 
man. The  principal  occupations  are  brush  and  broom  making, 
shoemaking,  clothing  and  manufacturing  of  beds.  There  is  also  a 
stone  quarry  and  a  farm.  The  bakery  supphes  the  whole  Depart- 
ment of  Correction  with  bread. 

The  wearing  of  striped  clothes  by  the  prisoners  is  being  gradually 
discontinued,  and  plain  gray  clothes  are  being  substituted.  The 
dietary  of  the  whole  Department  of  Correction  is  being  improved  at 
no  higher  cost,  16  cents  a  day  being  allowed  for  food. 

Prisoners  are  paid  for  by  the  counties  in  which  they  are  convicted. 
Inspected  by  the  State  Commission  of  Prisons  and  the  Prison  Asso- 
ciation of  New  York. 

For  a  pass  to  visit,  write  to  Commissioner  of  Correction,  Miss 


PRISONS  57 

Katharine  B.  Davis,  Municipal  Building,  Centre  and  Chamber 
Streets  Telephone,  Worth  1610. 

(Women  visitors  are  not  always  allowed  to  see  the  prisoners  at 
work  in  the  shops). 

Boat  leaves  53rd  Street  and  the  East  River  daily,  every  half -hour 
from  7-30  a.  m.  to  12  p.  m.    No  charge. 

Sing  Sing  Prison,  New  York  State  Prison,  Ossining,  New  York, 
Telephone,  Ossining  108. 

Warden:  Thomas  Mott  Osborne. 

One  of  the  four  state  prisons  for  male  felons,  serving  principally 
for  the  south  eastern  part  of  the  state.  Sing  Sing,  Auburn,  and  Clin- 
ton receive  men  by  direct  commitments;  the  fourth  prison.  Great 
Meadow,  receives  prisoners  only  on  transfer  from  the  other  state 
prisons. 

Sing  Sing  prison  was  erected  in  1821,  and  is  one  of  the  oldest  in  the 
state,  it  is  unsanitary  and  utterly  unfit  for  human  habitation. 

It  is  composed  of  a  large  cell  block  stone  structure,  with  one 
group  of  buildings  joining  it  at  right  angles,  containing  the  mess  hall, 
hospital  quarters,  dormitory,  school  rooms,  chapel,  death  house, 
hbrary,  correspondence  department,  etc.  A  second  group  of  build- 
ings joining  the  first  on  the  side  opposite  the  cell  blocks  contains  the 
kitchen,  bath  house,  bakery,  clothing  room,  storage  rooms,  etc. 
The  shops  are  in  detached  separate  buildings.  There  are  14  build- 
ings in  all,  on  about  25  acres  of  land  on  the  shore  of  the  Hudson 
River.  The  cell  block  is  a  long  stone  building,  containing  1200  cells, 
built  on  the  ground  only  a  few  feet  above  tide  water. 

The  original  small  windows  have  been  replaced  in  many  instances 
by  large  ones,  extending  the  full  height  of  the  building.  To  every 
three  rows  of  small  windows  on  the  outside  wall,  one  large  window  has 
been  inserted;  to  every  seven  rows  of  small  windows  on  the  inside 
wall,  one  large  window  has  been  built.  The  cells  have  no  direct  light 
and  air,  the  bucket  system  is  in  use,  there  is  no  proper  ventilation  and 


58  PRISONS 

at  times  they  are  exceedingly  damp.  They  are  7'  long  by  S'S^'  wide, 
by  6',  7"  high.  On  account  of  the  over-crowding  of  the  prison, 
many  of  these  tiny  cells  are  occupied  by  two  men.  There  are  also 
dormitory  accomodations  for  about  250  men. 

The  management  of  the  prison  has  lately  undergone  a  complete 
transformation.  The  first  important  changes  took  place  under 
Mr.  McCormick,  predecessor  to  the  present  warden,  who  was 
influenced  by  the  innovations  Mr.  Osborne  was  then  instituting  at 
Auburn.  The  prisoners  were  given  a  full  hour's  recreation  in  the  yard 
every  day,  Saturday  afternoon  was  free  and  could  be  spent  in  the 
open  air,  and  a  convict  organization  was  instituted  under  the  name 
of  the  Golden  Rule  Brotherhood. 

Since  the  appointment  of  Thomas  Mott  Osborne  to  the  position 
of  warden  in  December,  1914,  further  changes  have  been  made. 
The  name  of  the  Brotherhood  has  been  changed  to  the  Mutual 
Welfare  League  and  has  been  given  large  powers  of  self-govern- 
ment. The  shops  are  under  the  supervision  of  prisoners  chosen 
as  delegates  of  the  League  and  most  of  the  activities  of  the  prison 
are  arranged  and  controlled  by  this  organization.  A  court  con- 
sisting of  five  judges  elected  by  the  prisoners  from  their  own  dele- 
gates sits  every  afternoon  at  four  o'clock  to  hear  complaints. 

It  has  the  power  to  deprive  a  man  of  membership  in  the  League. 
This  means  that  he  cannot,  for  the  time  of  his  suspension,  enjoy 
the  privileges  of  the  new  freedon.  He  must  return  to  his  cell  during 
the  hours  that  the  others  are  able  to  wander  at  will  in  the  yards,  to 
play  baseball,  to  go  to  evening  entertainments  and  the  like. 

The  visiting  privileges  of  the  general  public  have  been  greatly 
increased.  Women  were  formerly  only  permitted  to  visit  parts  of 
the  prison  when  not  occupied  by  the  men,  now  they  are  allowed  to 
see  all  the  departments  when  in  operation  and  to  talk  freely  with  the 
prisoners.  The  tour  is  made  under  the  guidance  of  members  of  the 
League,  who  are  appointed  to  take  groups  of  people  over  the  prison. 
Visitors  are  requested  not  to  ask  their  guides  personal  questions  or  to 


PRISONS  59 

give  them  money.  Few  prison  guards  are  in  evidence  and  the  atti- 
tude of  the  guide,  as  he  explains  the  difference  between  the  prison 
hfe  to-day  and  in  the  past,  is  that  of  a  courteous  host. 

The  prison  receives  male  felons  from  16  years  of  age  and  over, 
the  sentences  varying  from  one  year,  to  life  imprisonments  and  the 
death  sentence. 

Striped  clothing  for  prisoners  is  not  used  in  any  of  the  state  pri- 
sons ;  plain  gray  clothes  are  worn. 

Capacity:  1200,  generally  badly  over-crowded^  often  housing  over 
1800  prisoners. 

The  principal  occupations  are  shoemaking,  knitting  and  hosiery, 
clothing,  the  manufacturing  of  mats,  brushes  and  mattresses,  sashes 
and  doors.  There  is  also  a  printing  shop,  a  bake  shop,  a  slate  shop 
and  a  jobbing  shop. 

The  men  may  be  paid  for  their  work  by  law;  they  actually  receive 
one  cent  and  a  half  a  day. 

The  articles  made  at  Sing  Sing  and  in  the  other  penal  institutions 
of  the  State  are  disposed  by  sale  to  other  institutions,  supported 
either  by  state,  county,  city  or  other  poHtical  sub-divisions,  these 
institutions  being  required  to  purchase  their  supplies  from  such 
sources  unless  released  by  the  State  Prison  Commission.  This  is  the 
so-called  State  Use  System. 

The  prison  is  supported  by  state  appropriations  and  is  under  the 
management  of  the  Superintendent  of  State  Prisons,  John  B.  Riley. 
Inspected  by  the  State  Commission  of  Prisons  and  the  Prison  Asso- 
ciation of  New  York. 

Per  capita  cost  $150  per  year. 

For  a  pass  to  visit,  write  to  the  warden  or  assistant  warden. 

Trains  leave  the  Hudson  River  Division  of  the  New  York  Central 
Railway  from  the  Grand  Central  Station.  Return  ticket  to  Ossining 
$1.10. 

Time  from  42nd  Street  station  to  Ossining  about  one  hour. 

The  prison  is  ten  minutes  walk  from  Ossining  station.  Cabs  can 
be  had  at  station. 


60  PRISONS 

Workhouse,  Blackwell's  Island.    Under  the  Department  of  Correc- 
tion. 

Warden:  Frank  W.  Fox. 

For  persons  sentenced  in  the  Magistrates^  Courts  for  minor  offences, 
such  as  vagrancy,  disorderly  conduct, drunkenness,  etc.,  who  are 
usually  committed  for  ten  days  to  six  months.  Persons  are  also 
transferred  from  other  institutions,  including  the  penitentiary,  so 
that  there  may  be  prisoners  in  the  workhouse  serving  longer  terms  for 
more  serious  offences. 

The  workhouse  is  a  gloomy  looking  building,  containing  a  central 
administration  section  with  two  wings,  the  male  quarters  extend  to 
the  south,  the  female  to  the  north. 

The  cells  for  the  men  contain  varying  numbers  of  bunks,  from 
cells  with  five  bunks  to  dormitories  with  34  beds. 

The  women's  cells  contain  some  five  and  some  six  bunks  each.  The 
cells  have  windows  to  the  outside  air,  which  are  protected  by  screens. 
The  bucket  system  is  in  use. 

Receives  men  and  women  over  16  years  of  age. 

Daily  average  about  1500  inmates,  of  whom  nearly  half  are  women. 

There  is  a  tin  shop,  blacksmith  shop,  general  repair  shop,  tailor 
shop  and  a  shop  in  which  chair  caning  and  carpentry  is  done.  The 
work  is  not  sufficient,  and  some  of  the  inmates  are  sent  to  do  the 
scrubbing  and  cleaning  in  other  city  penal  institutions,  such  as  the 
Tombs  and  the  Penitentiary. 

The  women's  department  has  been  lately  improved  by  the  appoint- 
ment of  a  woman  physician,  who  makes  the  physical  examination, 
and  a  woman  superintendent,  and  by  the  establishment  of  special 
wards  for  drug  patients  and  for  venereal  diseases. 

Inspected  by  the  State  Commission  of  Prisons  and  the  Prison 
Association  of  New  York. 

For  permission  to  visit,  write  or  telephone  Commissioner  of  Cor- 
rection, Miss  Katharine  B.  Davis,  Municipal  Building,  Centre  and 
Chambers  Streets.    Telephone,  Worth  1610. 


REFORMATORIES  61 

Boat  leaves  70th  Street  and  the  East  River  daily  every  half  hour 
from  7:30  A.  M.  to  12  p.  M.    No  charge. 

REFORMATORIES 

House  of  Refuge,  Randall's  Island.  Telephone,  Harlem  1425. 
Under  the  control  of  the  Managers  of  the  Society  for  the  Re- 
formation of  Juvenile  Dehnquents  in  the  City  of  New  York. 

Superintendent:  Edward  C.  Barber. 

The  House  of  Refuge  was  chartered  in  1824  and  is  the  oldest  re- 
formatory for  children  in  the  United  States.  Its  charter  provides 
for  the  care  of  both  boys  and  girls,  but  the  institution  is  at 
present  a  reformatory  for  boys  under  16  years  of  age,  convicted 
of  juvenile  delinquency.  Boys  between  16  and  18  convicted  of  a 
misdemeanor,  if  it  is  a  first  offense,  may  also  be  committed.  All 
boys  committed  remain  wards  of  the  institution  imtil  their 
majority,  but  may  be  paroled  by  the  Reception  and  Parole  Com- 
mittee within  certain  rules  adopted  by  the  Board  of  Managers 
after  a  minimum  period  of  a  little  more  than  fifteen  and  one-half 
months,   but    remain    under    supervision    during    their   minority. 

The  boys  are  divided  into  divisions,  grouped  mainly  according  to 
age  and  character.  The  oldest  group  is  composed  of  those  returned 
for  violation  of  parole.  The  primary  group  is  in  charge  of  matrons, 
and  the  other  groups  are  officered  by  men.  A  good  deal  of  emphasis 
is  placed  upon  military  instruction. 

The  institution  is  on  Randall's  Island  and  occupies  373^  acres  of 
ground,  most  of  it  surrounded  by  high  walls,  only  a  small  part 
being  left  for  cultivating. 

The  main  buildings  consist  of  an  administration  building  and  a 
North  and  South  Wing,  built  in  1854.  Other  buildings  join  the  main 
building  at  right  angles,  dividing  this  part  of  the  plant  into  two  parts, 
each  surrounding  an  open  playground.  The  institution  is  on  the 
congregate  plan.    The  cell  block  system  is  in  use  for  the  older  division 


62  REFOBMATORIES 

(176  cells)  and  seven  open  dormitories  for  the  other  groups  (730 
beds).  The  primary  group  is  housed  in  what  was  formally  the  girls' 
department,  which,  like  the  other  groups,  has  a  separate  covered  and 
open  playground.  The  groups  have  separate  schools  and  dining 
rooms. 

Receives  boys  only  from  the  ages  of  12  to  18  or  under  12  if 
convicted  by  a  competent  court. 

Capacity:  1000.    Average  is  830. 

The  institution  has  its  own  schools,  taught  by  women,  and  in- 
spected by  the  Board  of  Education. 

The  trades  taught  are  printing,  tailoring,  sloyd,  art,  telegraphy, 
plumbing,  electricity,  shoemaking,  masonry,  painting  and  barbering. 
There  is  also  a  steamfitting  shop,  machine  shop,  a  tinsmithing  shop, 
a  brass  band  and  a  fife  and  drum  corps.  The  work  of  the  institution 
is  done  by  the  boys  under  the  supervision  and  direction  of  instructors. 

The  Managers  of  the  institution  take  a  personal  interest  in  the 
individual  boys  and  the  eifficient  parole  department  is  under  their 
close  supervision.     There  is  a  chief  parole  officer  and  five  agents. 

Per  capita  cost  $230.  Supported  entirely  by  State  appropriation. 
The  Governor,  the  Comptroller,  and  the  Attorney  General  are 
managers  ex-officio,  under  the  control  of  the  Fiscal  Supervisor,  and 
inspected  by  the  State  Board  of  Charities  and  Department  of  Health. 

For  permission  to  visit,  write  or  telephone  the  superintendent. 

Boat  leaves  125th  Street  and  Harlem  River  for  Randall's  Island 
every  half-hour  from  8:15  a.  m.  to  12  p.  m.,  1 :45  to  7:50  p.  m. 

Take  3rd  Avenue  elevated  or  Lenox  Avenue  subway  to  125th 
Street  station  and  surface  car  east  to  river. 

Time:  30  minutes  from  42nd  Street  to  East  River,  and  six 
minutes  on  boat. 

New  York  Catholic  Protectory,  Walker  Avenue,  Westchester, 
New  York  City.    Under  a  Board  of  Managers,  the  Mayor  and 
Comptroller  members,   ex-officio. 
Boys'  Department,  Telephone,  Weschester  170. 


REFORMATORIES  63 

Rector:  Brother  Paulian. 

Girls'  Department,  Telephone,  Westchester  423. 

Directress:  Sister  Antoninus. 

The  institution  receives  both  destitute  and  delinquent  catholic 
children.    It  is  one  of  the  largest  childrens'  institutions  in  existence. 

The  boys  are  educated  in  schools  in  the  institution,  taught  by  the 
Brothers  of  the  Christian  Schools,  and  are  given  vocational  training. 
The  girls  are  taught  by  the  sisters  of  Charity  of  Mount  St.  Vincent, 
and  are  given  industrial  employment.  They  are  taught  dressmaking, 
cooking  and  miUinery. 

The  institution  is  situated  in  beautiful  grounds,  with  separate 
institutions  for  the  boys  and  girls,  each  on  the  congregate  plan  with 
many  different  buildings. 

The  boys'  institution  is  divided  into  two  main  divisions,  Junior  and 
Senior.  The  Junior  division  has  three  sub-divisions  and  the  senior 
two.  The  administration  building  with  the  building  adjoining, 
contains  the  dining  halls,  kitchen,  library,  club  and  classrooms  and 
dormitories  for  the  older  boys.  The  main  building  of  the  Junior 
division  fronts  on  West  Farms  Road  and  consists  of  a  central  portion 
with  two  wings  containing  living  quarters  and  classrooms  for  the 
Junior  division.  All  the  divisions  are  provided  with  spacious  play- 
grounds. 

The  principal  trades  are  taught  in  a  technical  building  which  con- 
tains the  dynamos,  machine  section,  shoemaking,  plumbing,  car- 
pentry, printing,  wireless  telegraphy,  signpainting  and  tailoring. 
A  one  story  building  is  given  up  to  Venetian  iron  work. 

Other  activities  of  the  institution  are: 

An  Agricultural  School  for  boys  at  Lincolndale,  New  York;  it  is 
an  experiment  station  of  the  State  Agricultural  Department  and  has 
been  very  successful.    A  placing  out  bureau,  St.  Philip's  Home,  417 
Broome  Street  finds  positions  for  the  older  boys. 
Receives  boys  and  girls  from  2  to  16  years. 
Capacity:  over  2500. 


64  REFORMATORIES 

Per  capita  payment  by  the  city  for  each  child  committed.  In- 
spected by  the  State  Board  of  Charities  and  Department  of  Health. 

For  permission  to  visit,  write  or  telephone  to  Myles  Tierney, 
President,  415  Broome  Street,  New  York  City,  Telephone,  Spring 
175,  or  to  the  Rector  of  the  Institution.  It  takes  three  hours  to  see 
both  institutions. 

Take  3rd  Avenue  elevated  to  177th  Street,  Westchester  surface 
car  going  east  which  passes  the  institution.  Or  the  Bronx  subway 
train  to  177th  Street  station. 

Time:  fifty  minutes  from  42nd  Street  station  to  reach  institution. 

New  York  Juvenile  Asylum,  Dobbs  Ferry,  New  York,  Telephone, 
Dobbs  Ferry  107.  Under  a  Board  of  Directors,  with  the  Mayor, 
Comptroller,  Presidents  of  the  Borough  of  Manhattan  and 
Board  of  Aldermen  and  Commissioners  of  Charities  and  Cor- 
rections, Members  ex-officio. 

Superintendent:  Guy  Morgan. 

The  Children's  Village  is  both  a  home  and  a  reformatory.  Young 
children  are  received  on  account  of  improper  guardianship,  and 
truant  and  deUnquent  children  are  committed  by  the  Children's 
Court,  by  a  magistrate,  or  surrendered  by  parents  or  guardians.  The 
boys  are  generally  first  offenders  and  are  protestants.  The  institu- 
tion has  its  own  schools,  which  are  subject  to  the  supervision  of  the 
Board  of  Education.    Very  few  children  go  to  college. 

This  institution  was  moved  from  the  city  in  1905.  It  is  now  beauti- 
fully situated  on  a  tract  of  286  acres.  There  are  35  buildings  in- 
cluding a  reception  house  and  28  cottages  for  20  boys  each,  four 
of  which  are  honor  cottages. 

All  the  work  of  the  institution  and  the  care  of  the  grounds  and  farm 
is  done  by  the  boys.  Fifteen  different  trades  are  taught,  among  them, 
electric  wiring,  carpentry,  brick  and  stone  masonry,  cement  paving, 
plumbing,  tinning,  painting  and  glazing.  Since  1911  the  pupils  of 
these  classes  have  erected  a  cottage  a  year,  doing  all  the  work  and 


REFORMATORIES  65 

reducing  the  price  of  the  cottages  one  half.  There  are  also  classes  in 
tailoring,  telegraphy,  sloyd,  mechanical  drawing,  gardening,  poultry 
raising,  floriculture  and  printing.  The  asylum  cared  for  girls  as  well 
as  boys  until  it  moved  to  the  country.  It  may  in  the  future  build 
a  village  for  girls. 

A  few  children  are  placed  in  homes  in  the  West. 

Receives  boys  only,  from  the  ages  of  7  to  16  years.  Less  than 
half  are  committed  on  account  of  destitution. 

Capacity:  about  600. 

Supported  by  voluntary  contributions  and  per  capita  payment  of 
$191  from  the  City,  the  cost  to  the  institution  is  about  $210  for  each 
boy. 

Inspected  by  the  State  Board  of  Charities  and  Department 
of  Health. 

For  permission  to  visit,  write  or  telephone  the  superintendent. 

Take  6th  or  9th  Avenue  elevated  to  155th  Street  station. 
Train  leaves  Putnam  Division  of  the  New  York  Central  at  155th 
Street  and  8th  Avenue  elevated  station.  Return  tickets  Chauncey 
Station,  forty-five  cents. 

Time:  forty  minutes  from  23rd  Street  and  6th  Avenue  to  155th 
Street  station,  thirty-five  minutes  more  to  Chauncey. 

Or  New  York  Central  Station  to  High  Bridge  station  connect  with 
Putnam   Division  train. 

Or  Van  Cortlandt  Park  station  subway  and  walk  east  to  Van  Cort- 
landt  Park  station  on  Putnam  Division. 

Time :  One  hour  from  42nd  Street  to  station  on  Putnam  Division. 

The  institution  is  ^  of  a  mile  from  station.    No  cabs  at  station. 

State  Reformatory  for  Women,  Bedford  Hills,  Westchester  Coun- 
ty, New  York,  Telephone,  Mt.  Kisco  38.    Under  the  control  of  a 
Board  of  Managers  appointed  by  the  Governor,  three  of  whom 
are  women. 
Superintendent:  Miss  Mary  Rebecca  Moore;  appointed  in  Janu- 


66  REFORMATORIES 

ary,  1914,  when  Miss  Katharine  Bement  Davis  who  had  been  Su- 
perintendent since  the  institution  opened,  left  to  fill  the  position  of 
Commissioner  of  Correction  of  New  York  City. 

The  Reformatory  receives  women  convicted  by  any  court  or  magis- 
trate of  petty  larceny,  of  a  misdemeanor,  of  vagrancy,  habitual 
drunkenness,  being  a  common  prostitute,  and  for  first  offences  in 
felony,  for  a  term  of  three  years,  unless  sooner  paroled  by  the  Board 
of  Managers. 

In  1913  a  law  was  passed  by  the  legislature  making  it  possible  to 
return  to  the  committing  magistrate  women  who  have  been  found  to 
be  improper  subjects  for  reformatory  treatment. 

Special  emphasis  is  laid  on  methods  of  reforming  the  individual, 
and  the  best  available  scientific  tests  are  used  in  the  study  of  each 
woman,  so  as  to  classify  her  in  her  work  in  the  institution  in  accord- 
ance with  her  mental,  moral,  and  physical  attributes,  with  a  view  to 
her  permanent  improvement.  This  difficult  study  is  made  by  the 
scientific  staff  of  the  Bureau  of  Social  Hygiene  working  as  part  of  the 
equipment  of  the  Reformatory.   See  page  74. 

The  parole  system  is  very  well  developed  and  a  girl  can  work  out 
her  own  promotion  to  a  freer  life  and  earUer  parole.  In  1914, 
222  women  were  paroled.  There  is  a  great  deal  of  outdoor  work; 
the  women  do  grading  and  cement  work  and,  since  the  addition  of 
the  various  farms,  much  valuable  agricultural  work. 

The  institution  has  over  300  acres  of  land  under  its  con- 
trol, but  the  land  is  poor  and  the  site  chosen  for  the  buildings  is 
unfortunate,  necessitating  the  building  of  the  houses  on  several 
different  levels,  which  makes  the  grounds  hard  to  grade  and  difficult 
to  keep  in  grass. 

It  is  built  on  the  cottage  plan,  and  is  composed  of  an  administra- 
tion building,  a  reception  hall  containing  72  cells,  a  disciplinary 
building  with  nine  cells,  an  old  and  a  new  hospital  building,  5  farm 
cottages  and  14  cottages  for  28  women  each.  Seven  of  these 
cottages  and  the  large  hospital  building  are  new  and  are  not  yet 
furnished. 


REFORMATORIES  67 

On  one  of  the  farms,  under  the  able  management  of  a  woman 
farmer,  a  number  of  the  inmates  are  given  training  in  agriculture  and 
horticulture,  and  on  the  Weiler  property  rented  in  1913,  which 
may  soon  be  bought  by  the  state,  twenty-six  girls  of  low  mental 
ability  Uve  with  three  oflScers,  and  do  farm  work,  which  is  believed 
to  be  better  training  than  trying  to  give  them  a  general  education 
not  adapted  to  their  mental  capacity. 

The  institution  receives  women  from  the  ages  of  16  to  30  years. 
Babies  are  admitted  with  their  mothers,  if  under  one  year. 

Capacity:  416,  which  will  be  increased  to  over  500  by  the  new 
cottages.  In  1914,  the  average  for  the  year  was  502.  The  over- 
crowding was  intolerable  and  the  population  has  now  been  decreased 
by  a  more  hberal  parole  policy,  which  is   working   satisfactorily. 

The  girls  wear  striped,  gingham  dresses  with  different  colored  ties 
and  ribbons,  and  when  out-of-doors,  dress  in  khaki  bloomers. 

There  is  a  school  for  those  girls  whose  education  is  deficient,  with 
primary  and  intermediate  classes.  There  is  a  weekly  physiology  class 
of  40  pupils,  and  a  class  of  30  girls  are  being  taught  ^*  First 
Aid  to  the  Injured."    There  are  also  gymnasium  classes. 

The  industrial  training  includes  plain  sewing,  dressmaking,  cook- 
ing (nine  hours  a  week  for  four  months)  waitress  training  (six  hours 
a  week  for  four  months)  and  a  few  girls  are  taught  rugmaking  and  the 
use  of  the  stocking  machine.  Some  cobbling  and  mattress  making 
and  repairing  and  recaning  of  chairs  is  being  done,  and  there  are 
classes  in  typewriting  and  stenography. 

The  amusements  are  well  planned  and  varied.  Plays,  concerts, 
moving  picture  shows  and  illustrated  lectures  are  given  and  the  girls 
themselves  sometimes  give  an  opera  or  a  pageant. 

Supported  by  state  appropriation.  The  average  weekly  cost  of 
support  was  $4.27  in  1914. 

Under  the  control  of  the  Fiscal  Supervisor  and  inspected  by  the 
State  Board  of  Charities,  the  State  Commission  of  Prisons,  and  the 
Prison  Association  of  New  York. 


68  RUSSELL     SAGE     FOUNDATION 

For  permission  to  visit,  write  or  telephone  the  superintendent. 

Trains  leave  for  Bedford  Hills  station  from  the  Grand  Central  sta- 
tion, Harlem  Division.    Return  ticket  $1.65. 

Time:  One  hour  and  twenty  minutes  from  the  Grand  Central  to 
Bedford  Hills  station.  The  institution  is  a  mile  from  the  station. 
Taxi-cabs  generally  meet  trains.  Takes  about  two  and  one-half 
hours  to  see  both  institutions. 

The  Bureau  of  Social  Hygiene  joins  the  Bedford  Reformatory 
grounds.    See  Page  74. 

RUSSELL  SAGE  FOUNDATION 

The  Russell  Sage  Foundation,  130  East  22nd  Street,  corner  of 
22nd  Street  and  Lexington  Avenue.  Telephone,  Gramercy 
7060.  Under  the  control  of  a  Board  of  Trustees  President, 
Mrs.  Russell  Sage. 

General  Director:  John  M.  Glenn. 

The  Russell  Sage  Foundation  was  incorporated  in  April,  1907. 
The  endowment  consists  of  the  sum  of  $10,000,000,  given  by  Mrs. 
Russell  Sage.  The  purpose  of  the  Foundation,  as  stated  in  its  charter, 
is  the  improvement  of  social  and  living  conditions  in  the  United 
States  of  America.  The  charter  further  says  that  it  shall  be  within 
the  purpose  of  said  corporation  to  use  any  means  which  from  time 
to  time  shall  seem  expedient  to  its  members  or  trustees,including 
research,  pubHcation,  education,  the  estabUshment  and  maintenance 
of  charitable  and  benevolent  activities,  agencies,  and  institutions,  and 
the  aid  of  any  such  activities,  agencies  or  institutions  already  estab- 
lished. It  acts  through  its  own  departments,  which  are  mentioned 
below,  and  through  a  few  outside  agencies  which  are  specially  equip- 
ped to  carry  on  campaigns  against  certain  evils,  such  as  tuberculosis 
and  bad  housing.    It  does  not  relieve  individual  need. 

In  1912,  the  Foundation  decided  to  erect  a  building  of  its  own  so 
that  the  members  of  its  staff  could  be  in  closer  touch  with  each  other 


RUSSELL     SAGE     FOUNDATION  69 

and  be  near  the  United  Charities  Building,  for  easy  intercourse  be- 
tween the  two  buildings. 

The  building  was  occupied  in  December,  1913.  It  is  in  Florentine 
style,  nine  stories  high,  built  of  Kingwood  sandstone.  The  architect 
was  Grosvenor  Atterbury. 

The  following  departments  and  committees  are  housed  in  the 
building,  together  with  a  few  organizations  which  the  Foundation 
aids  by  giving  them  offices  free  of  rent. 

The  first  floor  contains  two  halls  for  meetings,  lectures  and  exhibi- 
tions. They  seat  respectively  about  200  and  175,  and  can  be  used 
together.  They  may  be  used  by  social  agencies  on  application  to  the 
Foundation.  These  rooms  are  also  used  for  recreation  by  occupants 
of  the  building. 

On  the  second  floor  are  the  ofiices  of  the  Playground  and  Recrea- 
tion Association  of  America  and  the  Intercollegiate  Bureau  of  Occupa- 
tions. There  are  also  a  trustees'  room  and  a  room  holding  about 
seventy-five  people,  both  of  which  may  be  used  for  small  meetings 
by  social  agencies. 

On  the  third  floor  are  the  offices  of  the  New  York  Probation  and 
Protective  Association. 

On  the  fourth  floor  are  the  offices  of  the  General  Director,  of  the 
Department  of  Surveys  and  Exhibits  and  the  publication  offices  of 
the  Foundation. 

On  the  fifth  floor  are  the  offices  of  the  Department  of  Recreation, 
the  Division  of  Education  and  the  Division  of  Statistics  of  the 
Foundation,  and  of  the  National  Committee  for  the  Prevention  of 
Blindness. 

On  the  sixth  floor  are  the  offices  of  the  Department  of  Child-Help- 
ing, and  the  Division  of  Remedial  Loans  of  the  Foundation,  and  the 
New  York  office  of  the  American  Red  Cross. 

On  the  seventh  floor  are  the  offices  of  the  Charity  Organization 
Department  and  the  Committee  on  Women's  Work  of  the  Founda- 
tion, and  the  American  Association  for  Organizing  Charity. 


70  RUSSELL     SAGE     FOUNDATION 

On  the  eighth  floor  is  the  Hbrary  of  reference  books  on  social  ques- 
tions. It  contains  two  large  and  one  small  reading  room,  a  conference 
room,  a  catalogue  alcove  and  stacks  to  hold  50,000  volumes.  The 
two  main  rooms  are  beautifully  proportioned;  they  have  vaulted 
ceilings,  are  charmingly  decorated  and  furnished,  and  every  detail 
has  been  carefully  designed.  The  largest  room  facing  Lexington 
Avenue  is  decorated  in  a  blue,  gray  color.  The  wood  work  and  the 
furniture  are  oak  harmonizing  in  color  with  the  gray  stone  columns. 
The  room  on  the  22nd  Street  side  is  connected  with  a  loggia  and  the 
walls  are  the  same  color  as  the  stone  trimmings. 

The  library  is  open  to  the  public  daily  from  8.45  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 
Books  may  be  borrowed  by  residents  of  New  York  City.  The  collec- 
tion is  the  result  of  the  consolidation  in  1912  of  the  libraries  formerly 
maintained  by  the  Charity  Organization  Society  of  the  City  of  New 
York,  the  State  Charities  Aid  Association,  the  Association  for  Im- 
proving the  Condition  of  the  Poor,  the  New  York  School  of  Philan- 
throphy,  and  the  Russell  Sage  Foundation.  It  contains  over  12,000 
bound  volumes  and  15,000  pamphlets. 

On  the  ninth  floor  are  a  lunchroom  for  women  who  are  members  of 
the  Foundation  staff  and  a  social  room  open  to  the  women  on  the 
staffs  of  the  Foundation  and  of  other  organizations  which  have  offices 
in  the  building. 

On  the  roof  is  a  large,  open  space  which  is  used  for  recreation  by 
occupants  of  the  building. 

In  addition  to  the  departments  named,  the  Foundation  maintains 
a  Southern  Highlands  Division  with  headquarters  at  Asheville, 
North  Carolina.  The  purpose  of  this  division  is  to  secure  closer  co- 
operation among  workers  in  the  mountains  of  the  South  and  to  make 
available  all  possible  resources  for  the  benefit  and  development  of  the 
mountain  people. 

The  Foundation  has  aided  financially  certain  other  agencies  which 
were  equipped  to  carry  on  effectively  campaigns  of  education  and 
improvement  relating  to  such  work  as  the  study  and  prevention  of 


SETTLEMENTS  71 

tuberculosis,  blindness,  infant  mortality,  child  labor,  better  schools, 
placing  out  dependent  children  in  homes,  better  organization  of 
juvenile  court  and  magistrates,  higher  standards  of  probation,  child- 
ren's school  gardens,  open  air  schools,  better  housing,  town  and  city 
planning,  more  efficient  hospitals,  better  facilities  for  pubHc  recrea- 
tion and  better  laws  relating  to  social  subjects  within  its  field.  The 
Foundation  is  not  now  making  contributions  to  other  agencies,  as 
its  entire  income  is  devoted  to  the  activities  to  which  it  is  already 
committed. 

The  Foundation  has  imdertaken  a  demonstration  in  city  planning 
at  Forest  Hills  Gardens,  on  the  Long  Island  Railroad,  about  fifteen 
minutes  ride  from  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  Station.  Title  to  the 
property  stands  in  the  name  of  the  Sage  Foundation  Homes  Com- 
pany, the  necessary  funds  for  development  being  supphed  by  the 
Foundation.  The  Gardens  contain  about  two  hundred  acres.  The  en- 
terprise is  a  commercial  investment  to  develop  a  suburb  which  shall 
be  attractive,  substantial  and  sanitary.  The  grounds  are  laid  out 
with  a  view  to  combining  economy  of  space  with  beauty  of  arrange- 
ment. Attractive  architectural  design,  practical  planning,  substantial 
and  economical  construction  in  houses  are  special  features.  All 
houses  have  plenty  of  light  and  air.  Houses  and  land  may  be  paid 
for  in  part  by  monthly  installments  covering  a  period  of  ten  years. 
Pamphlets  more  fully  describing  the  Gardens  and  the  methods 
adopted  may  be  had  on  apphcation  to  the  Sage  Foundation  Homes 
Company,  Forest  Hills,  Long  Island,  New  York. 

SETTLEMENTS 

Greenwich  House,  26  Jones  Street,  New  York,  Telephone,  Spring 
5809.    Under  the  control  of  a  Board  of  Managers. 

Director:  Mrs.  V.  G.  Simkhovitch. 

Greenwich  House  is  maintained  by  the  co-operative  social  settle- 
ment society  of  the  City  of  New  York. 


72  SETTLEMENTS 

Its  purpose  is  to  promote  the  best  interests  of  the  neighborhood  and 
through  its  concrete  experience  the  best  interests  of  the  city,  to  at- 
tempt to  meet  the  needs  of  groups  of  individuals;  and  to  train  youth 
for  self-government  and  self -discipline. 

Special  attention  is  given  to  co-operation  with  the  city  administra- 
tion, such  as  the  police,  the  public  schools,  local  politics,  etc.,  and 
efforts  are  made  to  arouse  the  pride  of  Greenwich  Village  in  its 
community  life. 

The  settlement  has  men  and  women  residents.  One  of  the  resi- 
dents, an  Italian  lady,  maintains  close  relations  with  the  Italian 
neighbors  and  helps  them  to  understand  and  co-operate  with  neigh- 
borhood activities.  The  settlement  occupies  five  small  old-fashioned 
houses  in  Jones  Street;  has  an  outdoor  playground,  a  covered  plat- 
form for  dances,  and  a  small  garden.  It  is  much  in  need  of  larger 
quarters  and  hopes  soon  to  put  up  a  new  building. 

Besides  numerous  athletic  and  social  clubs  there  are  classes  in 
designing  and  embroidery,  in  creative  design,  a  music  school,  a  scien- 
tific research  club  and  a  pottery  class.  The  settlement  also  operates 
with  the  Department  of  Education  in  four  social  centres  at  PubHc 
Schools,  Nos.,  29,  41,  44  and  95,  and  supplies  a  social  service 
secretary  to  the  Principal  of  Public  School  No.  95. 

For  permission  to  visit,  write  or  telephone  the  settlement. 

Take  6th  Avenue  elevated  to  9th  Street  station.  Walk  south  four 
blocks  to  West  4th  Street  (a  continuation  of  Wa;shington  Square, 
south)  and  west  one  block.  Or  8th  Street  cross  line  car  to  6th  Avenue 
and  walk  as  directed  above. 

Public  School,  No.  95  can  be  seen  on  the  same  day.  See  Page 
34. 

Henry  Street  Settlement,  Main  House,  265  Henry  Street,  New 
York,  Telephone,  Orchard  8200.  (Nurses'  Settlement.)  Under 
the  control  of  a  Board  of  Directors. 

Head  Resident:  Miss  LilHan  D.  Wald. 


SETTLEMENTS  73 

The  settlement  maintains  a  visiting  nursing  service  with  a  staff 
of  trained  nurses,  to  give  professional  care  under  the  physician's 
direction,  to  the  sick  who  do  not  go  to  the  hospital.  Separate  staffs 
are  maintained  for  ordinary  illness,  for  obstetrical  cases  and  for 
contagious  diseases.  Night  nurses  are  employed  for  special  cases 
in  time  of  crisis.  Fees  are  charged  according  to  the  circumstances 
of  the  individual. 

The  service  covers  Manhattan  and  the  Bronx  and  there  are  twelve 
branch  offices,  two  of  which,  232  East  79th  Street,  (Telephone, 
Lenox,  1939)  and  202  West  63rd  Street  (Telephone,  Columbus  3349), 
are  also  Neighborhood  Centres.  The  63rd  Street  branch  is  for  colored 
people. 

The  main  house  has  men  and  women  residents  and  occupies  seven 
houses  in  Henry  Street.  These  houses  have  been  altered  and  added 
to  and  furnished  with  old  furniture  and  brasses,  so  that  they  are  more 
than  usually  attractive.  The  settlement  maintains  a  milk  station 
and  a  baby  clinic,  a  carpentry  shop,  a  gymnasium  and  a  model  flat. 

There  are  numerous  clubs  and  classes,  which  are  self-governing 
and  which  help  control  the  policy  of  the  settlement  through  the 
delegates  they  send  to  the  House  Council.  These  clubs  had  in  Dec- 
ember, 1913,  a  membership  of  1368  boys  and  young  men  and  1275 
girls  and  young  women  and  a  total  attendance  of  25000.  An  effort 
is  made  to  train  club  leaders  and  to  give  professional  standards  to 
the  volunteer. 

Special  emphasis  is  laid  upon  festivals,  dramatic  clubs,  parties 
and  dancing  classes,  and  in  February,  1915,  a  Neighborhood  Play- 
house was  opened  by  the  settlement  at  466  Grand  Street. 

In  co-operation  with  Teachers  CoUege,  the  settlement  offers  a 
five-months'  course  in  public  health  nursing.  The  settlement  ad- 
ministers a  scholarship  fund  for  boys  and  girls  between  the  ages  of 
fourteen  and  sixteen  and  gives  vocational  guidance.  It  has  a  con- 
valescent home,  open  all  the  year,  and  has  summer  places  for  young 
men  and  boys,  for  women  and  girls,  and  for  children. 


74  BOCIALHYGIENE 

For  appointments  to  visit,  write  or  telephone. 

Take  3rd  Avenue  elevated  to  Grand  Street  station,  then  Grand 
Street  electric  car  east  to  Pitt  Street,  walk  south  two  blocks  to 
Henry  Street  and  west  to  settlement.  Or  4th  Avenue  electric  car 
transfer  east  at  Grand  Street  and  walk  as  directed  above. 

SOCIAL  HYGIENE 

Bureau  of  Social  Hygiene.  Under  the  control  of  a  Committee 
consisting  of  John  D.  Rockefeller,  Jr.,  Miss  Katharine  B.  Davis, 
Starr  J.  Murphy,  Paul  M.  Warburg,  in  connection  with  the 
State  Reformatory  for  Women,  Bedford  Hills,  Telephone,  Mt. 
Kisco  38. 

Director  of  the  Bureau:  Miss  Katharine  B.  Davis. 

Head  of  the  Reception  House :  Miss  Jessie  Taf t. 

Psychologist:  Dr.  Mabel  Fernald. 

Sociologist :  Miss  Virginia  P.  Robinson,  with  a  consulting  staff  of 
unpaid  men  specialists. 

The  Bureau  was  established  for  the  purpose  of  extending  by  the 
best  tests  and  methods,  the  scientific  study  of  the  individual  woman 
convicted  of  crime,  in  the  hopes  of  working  out  some  plan  by  which 
each  case  can  be  disposed  of  in  a  manner  that  will  insure  the  most 
reformative  treatment.  Information  already  available  at  Bedford 
Reformatory  is  studied  and  tabulated. 

A  farm  of  71  acres  including  a  substantial  country  residence, 
adjoining  the  Bedford  Reformatory  grounds  was  purchased  by  the 
Committee  in  1912  at  a  cost  of  $75,000. 

Two  excellently  appointed  buildings  have  been  built:  a  reception 
house,  built  in  1913,  with  a  curved  facade  facing  the  south,  so  as  to 
receive  the  maximum  amount  of  sun.  This  building  contains  the 
necessary  offices,  dining  rooms,  recreation  room  and  a  large  sun  par- 
lor. One  wing  is  devoted  to  quarantine  and  the  facilities  for  the 
reception  and  examination  of  new  inmates  entering  the  reformatory. 


SOCIAL     HYGIENE  75 

It  is  called  Elizabeth  Fry  Hall.  In  1914  a  laboratory  building  was 
added  to  the  equipment,  built  some  distance  from  the  reception 
house,  which  is  used  for  the  scientific  tests  applied  in  the  examina- 
tions of  the  women,  by  experts  in  psychology  and  sociology. 

The  country  residence  is  used  for  the  housing  of  the  scientific  staff 
and  is  beautifully  placed  on  the  top  of  a  hill. 

Every  woman  who  enters  the  reformatory  is  first  sent  to  the  recep- 
tion house  quarantine  section,  where  she  is  placed  in  a  room  by  her- 
self and  given  her  meals  alone  in  her  room  for  a  period  of  two  weeks. 
During  this  time  she  is  under  observation  and  is  carefully  studied  by 
the  scientific  staff.  Her  mental  capacity  is  tested,  her  nervous  and 
physical  condition  is  determined  and  her  family  history  and  previous 
environment  are  investigated  by  trained  field  workers.  When  classi- 
fied she  is  sent  to  that  division  of  the  Reformatory  which  is  thought 
to  be  best  adapted  to  her  needs  and  an  attempt  is  made  to  give  her 
the  special  treatment  necessary. 

A  law  passed  by  the  legislature  May,  1913,  makes  it  possible  to 
return  to  the  committing  magistrate,  women  who  have  been  found 
by  this  study  to  be  improper  subjects  for  reformation  treatment. 

Capacity:  the  reception  house  will  accommodate  50  inmates, 
with  rooms  for  10  officers. 

The  investigations  of  the  Bureau  are  carried  out  experimentally 
at  private  expense. 

The  grounds  and  buildings  are  leased  to  the  Reformatory  without 
the  payment  of  rent  for  five  years.  The  salaries  of  the  staff  are  paid 
by  the  Bureau  of  Social  Hygiene,  the  State  paying  only  for  the 
maintenance  of  the  women  during  observation. 

Inspected  by  the  State  Board  of  Charities  and  the  State  Commis- 
sion of  Prisons. 

For  permission  to  visit,  write  or  telephone  the  Superintendent  of 
Bedford  Reformatory,  Miss  Mary  R.  Moore. 

Trains  leave  for  Bedford  Hills  Station  from  the  Grand  Central 
Station,  Harlem  Division.    Return  ticket  $1.65. 


76  TUBERCULOSIS 

Time:  One  hour  and  twenty  minutes  from  the  Grand  Central 
to  Bedford  Hills  Station.  The  institution  is  a  mile  from  the  station; 
taxicabs  generally  meet  trains.  Takes  about  two  and  one-half  hours 
to  see  both  institutions.  See  State  Reformatory  for  Women,  page  65. 
which  joins  the  grounds  of  the  Bureau  of  Social  Hygiene. 

TUBERCULOSIS 

Tuberculosis  Classes,  under  the  Board  of  Education. 

Medical  inspector  of  open  air  classes,  Anaemic  and  Tuberculosis: 
I.  Ogden  Woodruff. 

These  classes  are  in  charge  of  the  Board  of  Education,  and  their 
purpose  is  to  improve  the  health  of  children  suffering  from  tubercu- 
losis, while  continuing  their  education,  and  to  enable  them  to  qualify 
as  wage  earners  without  losing  more  ground  than  is  absolutely 
necessary  on  account  of  bad  health. 

The  classes  are  conducted  entirely  out  of  doors.  The  children  are 
under  the  direct  supervision  of  doctors  and  nurses  and  are  given 
nourishing  food.  A  special  equipment  is  provided,  consisting  of  a 
cot  for  the  rest  hour,  sleeping  bags,  sweaters,  overshoes,  mittens, 
coats  and  caps. 

The  Board  of  Education  provides  only  the  class  room  furniture  and 
teachers,  the  special  equipment  necessary  is  generally  secured  by  a 
private  committee. 

The  open  air  classes  are  of  three  types:  classes  for  children  with 
tuberculosis;  anaemic  classes  for  children,  who  are  subnormal  physi- 
cally, see  page  28;  open  air  classes  for  normal  children. 

There  were  860  children  in  these  classes  in  Manhattan  and 
Brooklyn  in  1913-14. 

In  an  annex  to  Public  School  No.  14,  the  Ferry  boat  "Southfield," 
anchored  at  the  foot  of  East  26th  Street,  Telephone,  Madison  Square 
4400,  there  are  two  classes  for  tubercular  children.  The  boat 
is  anchored  at  the  foot  of  the  grounds  of  Bellevue  Hospital  and  the 


TUBERCULOSIS  77 

children  are  under  the  care  of  the  doctors  and  nurses  of  the  Hospital. 
The  classes  are  composed  of  about  forty  children,  boys  and  girls 
from  2  to  15  years  of  age;  they  are  held  on  the  upper  deck  of  the 
boat  entirely  out  of  doors.  There  are  two  teachers  and  two  nurses 
in  charge.  Part  of  the  equipment,  consisting  of  a  cot,  a  blanket,  felt 
shoes,  hoods  and  mittens  is  supplied  by  the  Board  of  Education,  part 
by  the  Hospital  and  the  Ladies  Auxiliary  Committee.  The  children 
are  given  milk  and  eggs  at  nine  o'clock,  a  hearty  dinner  at  12:30, 
after  which  they  rest  for  an  hour,  are  given  milk  again  at  two  and 
milk  and  eggs  at  4:30. 

For  permission  to  visit,  write  or  telephone  Bellevue  Hospital. 
Other  Public  Schools  having  classes  for  tuberculous  children  in 
New  York  City  are : 
Annex  P.  S.  No.      12     Ferry  boat,  Westfield,  anchored  at  foot  of 
Jackson  Street,  under  charge  of  Gouver- 
neur  Hospital. 
"        "  "      '*      51     Ferry  boat,  Middletown,  anchored  at  foot 
of  East  91st  Street,  under  Department 
of  Health. 
"  "      "     141     Vanderbnt  Clinic  Roof. 
Addresses  and  telephone  numbers  can  be  found  in  the  New  York 
City  Telephone  Directory  under  City  of  New  York,  Hospitals,  and 
Health,  Department  of. 

Tuberculosis  Clinics,  under  the  Department  of  Health,  Bureau 
of  Preventable  Diseases.    Telephone,  FrankHn  6280. 

Commissioner:  S.  S.  Goldwater,  M.D. 

The  Department  of  Health  has  control  and  supervision  of  all  com- 
municable infectious  diseases.  To  protect  the  public  health  against 
tuberculosis,  the  Bureau  of  Preventable  Diseases  has  charge  of  the 
registration  of  all  cases  of  tuberculosis;  it  maintains  tuberculosis 
clinics  and  day  camps  in  co-operation  with  the  Association  of  Tuber- 


78  TUBERCULOSIS 

culosis  Clinics;  maintains  home  supervision  over  cases  not  under 
other  care,  and  supervises  the  admission  of  tuberculous  cases  to 
sanatoria  and  hospitals  through  the  Tuberculosis  Hospital  Admis- 
sion Bureau.  The  unification  and  standardization  of  dispensary- 
work  in  New  York  City,  has  been  made  possible  by  the  affiliation  of 
tuberculosis  cHnics,  through  the  Association  of  Tuberculosis  Chnics 
which  affords  a  medium  for  securing  the  closest  co-operation  be- 
tween the  public  and  private  agencies  maintaining  tuberculosis  dis- 
pensaries. The  special  work  of  the  Association  has  been  to  organize 
the  dispensary  control  of  pulmonary  tuberculosis;  to  develop  a 
uniform  system  of  operation  of  such  dispensaries  as  are  organized; 
to  make  easy  the  attendance  of  patients  at  the  dispensary  most 
convenient  to  their  homes,  and  to  prevent  them  from  going  from 
one  dispensary  to  another;  to  facilitate  the  work  of  the  visiting 
nurse;  to  help  patients  who  need  relief;  to  provide  proper  hospital, 
sanatorium,  or  dispensary  care,  and  to  co-operate  and  assist  the 
Department  of  Health  in  the  supervision  of  tuberculosis. 

There  are  seventeen  tuberculosis  clinics  in  Manhattan;  seven  are 
maintained  by  the  Department  of  Health;  ten  by  hospitals  and  dis- 
pensaries. 

The  Department  of  Health  maintains  one  of  its  tuberculosis  dis- 
pensaries at  307  West  33rd  Street.    Telephone,  Greeley  3471. 

Physician-in-charge :  Dr.  W.  H.  Boese. 

This  dispensary  is  licensed  under  the  laws  of  the  State  of  New  York 
by  the  State  Board  of  Charities  to  furnish  medical  or  surgical  relief, 
advice  or  treatment,  medicine  or  apparatus  to  the  sick  poor  who  are 
unable  to  pay  for  the  same.  The  medical  examination  is  very 
thorough.  The  examination  of  the  sputum  is  made  in  the  Depart- 
ment of  Health  laboratories,  temperature,  pulse,  weight,  etc.  is 
recorded  and  the  patient  is  re-examined  at  regular  intervals.  The 
children,  including  children  of  tubercular  famiUes,  are  segregated  into 
special  cHnics,  where  they  are  constantly  watched  on  account  of 
having  been  exposed  to  infection. 


TUBERCULOSIS  79 

The  clinic  is  held  in  a  three  story  brown  stone  house,  the  whole 
house  being  used  by  the  Department  of  Health  for  the  purpose.  On 
the  first  floor  is  the  waiting  room  containing  white  metal  benches  on 
which  patients  sit,  and  a  notice  in  several  languages  explaining  the 
proper  method  of  spitting.  Joining  this  room  is  the  registration 
room,  with  enamelled  tables,  chairs,  boxes  and  a  file  for  records,  a 
closed  cupboard  and  a  nurse's  desk,  where  the  necessary  preliminary 
information  in  regard  to  the  patient  is  secured  by  the  clinic  nurse 
before  he  is  sent  upstairs  for  the  medical  examination.  The  yard 
is  paved  with  red  tiles  and  is  used  for  the  exercises  given  to  children 
in  whose  families  there  are  cases  of  tuberculosis.  On  the  second  floor 
in  the  front,  is  the  women's  clinic  and  examination  room,  in  the 
back,  the  men's  cUnic  and  a  room  with  special  apparatus  for  the 
examination  of  the  throat  and  nose.  On  the  third  floor  is  the  regis- 
tration room  for  the  branch  district,  a  division  including  several 
clinic  districts  into  which  the  city  is  divided.  In  this  office  are  kept 
the  records  of  all  the  cases  of  tuberculosis  and  other  infectious 
diseases,  with  the  exception  of  venereal  diseases,  occurring  within  the 
district  both  in  pubhc  and  private  practice.  The  district  covered  is 
one  of  seven  branch  districts  in  Manhattan.  The  doctor's  office  and 
the  room  of  the  supervisor  of  nurses  is  also  on  this  floor.  There  are 
eight  doctors  connected  with  the  clinic  and  seven  nurses.  There  are 
four  visiting  nurses,  a  clinic  nurse,  a  supervisor  of  nurses  and  a 
nurse  who  is  the  social  worker  of  the  cHnic.  She  co-operates  with  the 
department  of  public  charities  and  other  relief  societies  and  attends 
to  the  children's  class,  and  upon  her  rests  the  responsibility  of  carry- 
ing out  the  treatment  in  the  cases  chosen  for  special  care  by  the 
women's  auxiliary  connected  with  the  clinic. 

190  is  the  average  weekly  attendance  to  all  the  sessions  in  the  clinic. 

820  visits  were  paid  by  the  nurses  to  tuberculosis  cases  living  in  the 
district  in  March,  1915. 

Open  daily  2 — 4  p.  m.  Thursdays  8 — 9  P.  m.  Children's  CHnics, 
Saturday,  10  a.  m. — 12  m. 


80  TUBERCULOSIS 

For  permission  to  visit  write  or  telephone  to  the  Department  of 
of  Health.    The  afternoon  during  clinic  hours  is  the  best  time  to  visit. 

Addresses  and  telephone  numbers  of  other  Department  of  Health 
tuberculosis  clinics  can  be  found  in  the  New  York  City  Telephone 
Directory  under  City  of  New  York,  Health  Department  Tubercu- 
losis Clinics.  Addresses  of  the  other  clinics  under  the  Association  of 
Tuberculosis  CUnics  can  be  found  in  the  New  York  Charities  Direc- 
tory. 

Home  Hospital,  East  River  Homes,  78th  Street  and  John  Jay 
Park  (The  East  River).  Telephone,  Lenox  3554.  Under  New 
York  Association  for  Improving  the  Condition  of  the  Poor. 

Superintendent:  Miss  Helen  Knight  Smith. 

The  Home  Hospital  is  an  experiment  in  the  home  treatment  of 
combined  poverty  and  tuberculosis,  which  aims  to  show  that  under 
certain  conditions,  it  is  possible  to  check  the  spread  of  disease  in 
congested  districts  and  to  treat  tuberculosis  with  a  reasonable 
measure  of  success  in  the  home. 

Home  and  hospital  treatment  is  given  to  dependent  families  having 
one  or  more  tubercular  members,  the  object  being  to  demonstrate  by 
a  three-year  experiment  that  effective  treatment  is  possible  for  the 
patient  in  his  own  home  with  proper  housing  conditions,  good 
nourishment,  freedom  from  undue  work  and  worry,  reasonable 
segregation,  skilful  medical  care  and  good  nursing. 

Two  open  staircases  lead  to  forty-eight  apartments,  consisting 
of  from  two  to  four  rooms  each,  including  one  or  more  bed  rooms 
with  open  air  sleeping  balconies. 

There  is  a  clinic  in  the  building  with  a  physician  in  daily  attend- 
ancC;  and  five  trained  nurses,  one  of  whom  is  on  duty  at  night.  The 
patients  and  their  families,  before  they  are  accepted  as  tenants,  must 
agree  to  be  guided  by  the  doctor  in  all  matters  that  concern  their 
health.  The  food  used  by  the  families  is  purchased  at  the  Food 
Supply  Store,  91st  Street  and  2nd  Avenue,  conducted  by  the  Asso- 


TUBERCULOSIS  81 

elation  for  Improving  the  Condition  of  the  Poor,  and  the  women  are 
taught,  by  a  dietitian  in  a  kitchen  in  the  building,  how  properly  to 
prepare  it.  Meals  are  served  to  the  patients  when  necessary,  the 
doctor  or  a  nurse  sees  them  at  least  once  a  day,  they  are  weighed 
once  a  week,  and  when  sick  they  are  given  hospital  care  in  their 
own  rooms. 

For  permission  to  visit,  write  or  telephone  Home  Hospital. 

Visit  also  three  anaemic  classes  on  the  roof,  under  the  Board  of 
Education,  for  children  who  have  been  exposed  to  tuberculosis  in  the 
families  in  the  Home  Hospital.  Not  necessary  to  get  a  special  per- 
mission to  visit. 

Nearest  Third  Avenue  elevated  station,  76th  Street;  nearest 
Second  Avenue  elevated  station,  82nd  Street. 

The  Junior  League  House,  78th  Street  and  the  East  River  can  be 
visited  at  the  same  time. 

See  Page  41. 

Sea  View  Hospital,  Staten  Island.  Telephone,  Newdorp  360.  Under 
the  Department  of  Public  Charities. 

Superintendent:  Dr.  E.  S.  McSweeney. 

A  tuberculosis  hospital  for  the  better  class  of  patients  in  New  York 
City.  It  was  originally  intended  for  persons  in  the  early  stages  of 
tuberculosis.  It  is  now  planned  to  devote  the  present  buildings  ex- 
clusively to  bed  patients,  and  to  use  the  large  appropriation  that  has 
been  made  to  acquire  additional  land  and  to  erect  buildings  for  the 
care  of  patients  able  to  walk  about. 

This  hospital  was  built  at  a  cost  of  about  $3,500,000  and  was 
opened  in  1913.  It  is  the  newest  and  most  modern  of  the  City 
Hospitals  and  consists  of  a  large  group  of  buildings  situated  on  a  hill 
adjoining  the  grounds  of  the  New  York  Farm  Colony.  The  grounds 
are  beautifully  laid  out  and  the  view  is  magnificent,  with  wooded  hills 
in  the  foreground  and  the  Atlantic  Ocean  stretching  off  into  the 
distance. 


82  TUBERCULOSIS 

The  buildings  axe  made  of  cement  and  in  order  to  break  the 
monotony  of  the  design  and  to  give  the  invaUds  something  cheerful 
to  look  at,  the  face  of  the  buildings  under  the  overhanging  eaves 
has  been  decorated  at  great  expense  with  imported  colored  tiles  and 
surmounted  with  a  bright  red  roof.    The  result  is  very  gay. 

There  are  eight  houses  five  stories  high  for  the  patients  (four 
for  women  and  children  and  four  for  men)  a  staff  house,  a  surgical 
building,  a  service  building,  a  home  for  nurses,  a  power  house  and 
a  laundry  and  garage. 

The  houses  for  the  patients  have  out  door  porches  on  both  sides 
of  the  building  on  four  floors  and  a  roof  garden.  The  patients  con- 
fined to  their  beds  live  and  sleep  on  the  porches  and  are  only  brought 
into  the  wards  for  their  meals. 

The  kitchen  is  in  the  middle  of  the  group  of  buildings  and  is 
connected  with  them,  as  they  are  with  each  other,  by  enclosed 
corridors,  which  have  cellars  under  them.  Through  the  corridors, 
food  and  other  necessaries  are  deHvered  to  the  various  buildings. 

Receives  adults  and  children  of  both  sexes  from  Staten  Island, 
Manhattan  and  Brooklyn. 

Cases  assigned  by  the  Tuberculosis  Hospital  Admission  Bureau. 
Telephone,  Madison  Square  8667.  It  maintains  an  ambulance  ser- 
vice to  all  parts  of  Staten  Island. 

Capacity:  It  was  built  for  1000  patients  but  only  about  763  beds 
are  in  use,  as  there  were  no  arrangements  made  for  attendants  to 
care  for  the  patients. 

Supported  by  appropriation  from  the  City  of  New  York.  Each 
bed  represents  a  cost  of  $3200.  Inspected  by  the  State  Board  of 
Charities  and  Department  of  Health. 

For  permission  to  visit,  write  to  the  Commissioner  of  PubHc 
Charities,  Hon.  John  A.  Kingsbury,  Municipal  Building,  Centre  and 
Chamber  Streets,  New  York,  or  apply  at  Hospital.  Takes  one  and 
a  half  hours  to  see  the  hospital. 

Take  Staten  Island  boat  at  South  Ferry  to  St.  George,  Staten 


UNITED     CHARITIES     BUILDING  83 

Island.  Electric  car  marked  Silver  Lake  to  Castleton  Corners  where 
bus  will  meet  visitor  if  institution  is  notified  in  advance;  or  taxi- 
cabs  can  generally  be  had  at  Castleton  Corners. 

Time:  One  hour  and  twenty  minutes  from  South  Ferry  to  reach 
Institution. 

New  York  City  Farm  Colony  adjoins  the  grounds  of  the  Hospital 
and  can  be  seen  the  same  day  if  arrangements  are  made  before  hand. 
See  page  5. 

UNITED  CHARITIES  BUILDING 

The  United  Charities  Building,  105  East  22nd  Street,  corner  of 
4th  Avenue  and  22nd  Street,  New  York. 

President  of  Board  of  Managers:  Alfred  E.  Marling. 

The  legal  control  of  the  property  is  vested  in  the  United  Charities 
Corporation,  composed  of  nine  managers,  two  of  whom  must  be 
managers  or  ofiicers  of  each  of  the  four  beneficiary  societies.  Its 
constitution  aims  to  secure  its  unsectarian  character  by  providing 
that  at  no  time  shall  a  majority  of  its  managers  belong  to  the  same 
religious  denomination. 

In  1886  Mr.  Charles  D.  Kellogg,  then  General  Secretary  of  the 
Charity  Organization  Society,  printed  a  short  pamphlet  advocating 
the  establishment  in  New  York  of  a  United  Charities  Building,  in 
which  the  principal  charitable  societies  would  have  their  head- 
quarters. Several  years  later,  in  1890,  the  Charity  Organization 
Society  requested  the  Association  for  Improving  the  Condition  of 
the  Poor  to  join  them  in  raising  money  for  the  erection  of  such  a 
building,  and  a  joint  committee  of  the  two  societies  was  appointed. 
After  this  joint  committee  had  secured  subscriptions  of  upwards  of 
$100,000  Mr.  John  Stewart  Kennedy  sent  for  Mr.  Robert  W.  de 
Forest,  President  of  the  Charity  Organization  Society,  and  offered 
to  erect  the  United  Charities  Building  entirely  himself  if  this 
proposal  was  agreeable  to  the  committee.    Mr.  Kennedy's  generous 


84  UNITED     CHARITIES     BUILDING 

offer  was  immediately  accepted.  Mr.  Kemiedy  selected  as  a  site 
for  this  building  the  plot  of  ground  at  the  corner  of  22nd  Street 
then  occupied  by  St.  Paul's  Methodist  Church,  and  at  Mr. 
Kennedy's  direction  the  "United  Charities''  was  organized  as  a 
corporation  to  hold  title  to  the  property. 

The  building  was  to  contain  the  general  offices  of  the  Charity 
Organization  Society,  the  Association  for  Improving  the  Condition  of 
the  Poor,  the  Children's  Aid  Society  and  the  New  York  City  Mission 
and  Tract  Society,  all  of  which  were  to  be  free  of  rent.  Offices  at  a 
moderate  rent  were  to  be  provided  for  other  benevolent  institutions 
and  portions  of  the  building  could  be  rented  for  other  purposes.  It 
was  Mr.  Kennedy's  expectation  that  the  rentals  of  the  building  would 
more  than  meet  all  the  expenses  of  maintenance.  Space  was 
allotted  for  the  use  of  each  of  these  four  societies,  to  the  extent 
of  the  space  then  occupied  by  each,  with  the  addition  of  fifty  per 
cent.,  and  it  was  understood  that  if  further  space  were  needed  by 
any  of  them  it  should  be  rented  to  them  on  the  same  basis  as  to 
other  charitable  tenants.  Any  deficit  was  to  be  met  by  them  in 
proportion  to  the  space  they  occupied  and  any  surplus  was  to  be 
shared  between  them.  The  building  has  fulfilled  Mr.  Kennedy's 
expectations  and  some  surplus  after  providing  rent,  lights, 
heating  and  janitor  service  has  usually  been  available  for  division 
among  the  beneficiary  societies. 

The  building  was  opened  in  March,  1893.  It  is  a  fire-proof  brick 
building  nine  stories  high  and  originally  had  a  frontage  on  4th  Avenue 
of  60  feet  and  150  feet  on  22nd  Street.  It  was  joined  to  the  north 
on  4th  Avenue,  by  a  building  included  in  the  architectural  plan, 
called  the  Kennedy  building.  After  Mr.  Kennedy's  death  in  1909, 
thanks  to  a  bequest  from  him,  this  building  became  part  of  the  United 
Charities  Building  and  in  February,  1915,  the  Charities  Building 
Corporation  added  a  four-story  annex  to  the  East  of  the  United 
Charities  Building  on  22nd  Street,  so  that  it  now  has  a  frontage  of 
100  feet  on  4th  Avenue  and  200  feet  on  22nd  Street.     The  first, 


UNITED     CHARITIES     BUILDING  85 

second  and  third  floors  and  part  of  the  fourth  floor  of  the  original 
building  are  now  occupied  by  the  general  oflfices  of  the  four  benefi- 
ciary societies. 

The  first  floor  of  the  United  Charities  Building  is  shared  between 
the  Children's  Aid  Society,  the  Joint  AppHcation  Bureau  (operated 
at  present  jointly  by  the  Charity  Organization  Society  and  the 
Association  for  Improving  the  Condition  of  the  Poor)  and  an 
Assembly  Hall  large  enough  to  seat  300  people. 

The  second  floor  of  both  the  United  Charities  Building  and  the 
Kennedy  Building  are  occupied  entirely  by  the  Association  for  Im- 
proving the  Condition  of  the  Poor  and  its  various  bureaus  grouped 
under  two  departments,  the  Department  of  Social  Welfare  and  the 
Department  of  Family  Welfare. 

The  Charity  Organization  Society  occupies  the  entire  third  floor, 
part  of  the  sixth  and  the  ninth  floors  of  the  United  Charities  Building 
and  the  third  floor  of  the  Annex.  The  work  of  the  Society  is  carried 
on  in  three  general  divisions.  The  Department  of  General  Work 
and  its  afiiliated  committees  utilize  the  third  floors  of  the  two  build- 
ings. The  Department  for  Improving  Social  Conditions  occupies 
ten  rooms  on  the  sixth  floor.  The  New  York  School  of  Philan- 
thropy, a  department  of  the  Charity  Organization  Society,  has  part 
of  the  ninth  floor  in  the  United  Charities  Building  and  the  whole 
of  the  eighth  and  ninth  floors  in  the  Kennedy  Building,  where  it 
carries  on  a  professional  school  for  social  workers,  with  lecture  and 
seminar  rooms,  rooms  for  the  staff  and  the  general  oflScers  and 
study  accommodations  for  the  students. 

The  New  York  City  Mission  and  Tract  Society  occupies  eight 
rooms  on  the  fourth  floor  of  the  United  Charities  Building.  The  ob- 
jects of  the  society  are  to  promote  morality  and  religion  among  the 
poor  and  destitute  of  the  city  by  the  employment  of  missionaries  and 
the  establishment  of  mission  churches  and  chapels,  mission  Sabbath 
schools,  etc.  The  rest  of  the  floor  is  occupied  by  the  following  socie- 
ties: American  Society  for  the  Control  of  Cancer,  First  Aid  to  the 


86  UNITED     CHARITIES     BUILDING 

Injured,  Guild  of  the  Infant  Saviour,  Hospital  Book  and  Newspaper 
Society,  Hospital  Saturday  and  Sunday  Association,  Marquette 
League,  New  York  Child  Labor  Committee,  Working  Girls  Vacation 
Society,  and  the  National  Child  Labor  Committee  in  the  annex. 
In  the  Kennedy  Building  on  the  fourth  floor  are  the  American  Mis- 
sionary Association,  the  Berkshire  Industrial  Farm,  Congregational 
Sunday  School  PubUcation  Society,  Midnight  Mission,  St.  David's 
Society. 

The  fifth  floor  of  the  United  Charities  Building  contains  the  offices 
of  the  Association  of  Day  Nurseries,  Association  for  the  Aid  of 
Crippled  Children,  Board  of  Ministerial  Relief,  National  Association 
for  the  Study  and  Prevention  of  Tuberculosis,  Journal  of  Outdoor 
Life  (a  publication  of  the  last-named  association)  New  York  Milk 
Committee,  Orphan  Asylum  Society,  St.  Andrew's  Society,  State 
Board  of  Charities  of  the  State  of  New  York  and  Blue  Anchor  Society. 
The  fifth  and  part  of  the  sixth  floor  of  the  Kennedy  Building  is 
occupied  by  the  Survey  Magazine. 

On  the  sixth  floor  of  the  United  Charities  Building,  besides  the 
rooms  used  by  the  Charity  Organization  Society  the  following 
agencies  have  offices;  Catholic  Home  Bureau,  Federal  Council  of 
Churches  of  Christ  in  America  with  offices  also  in  the  Kennedy 
Building,  National  Housing  Association.  In  the  Kennedy  Building 
offices  of  the  American  Independent  Union. 

The  seventh  floor  of  the  United  Charities  Building  is  entirely 
occupied  by  the  State  Charities  Aid  Association  and  its  standing  and 
special  committees. 

The  eighth  floor  of  the  United  Charities  Building  is  given  over  to 
Congregational  Missionary  Societies;  of  the  Kennedy  Building  to  the 
School  of  Philanthropy. 

On  the  ninth  floor,  besides  the  rooms  used  by  the  New  York 
School  of  Philanthropy,  are  the  New  York  Cooking  School,  The  After 
Care  Agency  of  the  Manhattan  and  Central  IsUp  State  Hospitals, 
a  Trustees  Room,  the  rooms  of  a  sculptor  and  those  of  an  architect. 


UNITED     CHARITIES     BUILDING  87 

Visitors  are  advised  to  select  the  agency  they  wish  to  visit  and 
arrange  to  be  taken  through  the  various  departments.  Two  of  the 
larger  societies  could  be  visited  in  one  morning. 

Telephone  numbers  can  be  found  in  the  New  York  City  Telephone 
Directory  and  a  fuller  description  of  particular  agencies  in  the  Chari- 
ties Directory. 


88  APPENDIXA 


APPENDIX  A 

Suggestions  for  questions  to  be  kept  in  mind  while  visiting  certain 
institutions. 

I.     Almshouse  or  Home  for  the  Aged 

1.   Buildings 
Date  and  plan  of  institution:  material,   cottage  or  congregate, 

number  of  acres. 
Number  of  buildings. 
Number  of  stories:  in  administratibn  building,  in  dormitories,  in 

cottages. 
Fire-escapes:  adequate  or  inadequate. 
Number  of  dormitories: 
Number  of  beds. 
Method  of  heating,  ventilation,  lighting,  windows,  and  artificial 

hght. 
Bathing  faciUties:  bath  tubs,  shower  baths,  water-closets — condition 

of  same. 
Water  supply:  adequate  or  inadequate,  source. 

2.    Care  oj  Inmates 
Method  of  admission  and  discharge:  age  and  nationality,  number 

of  men  and  of  women. 
Capacity  of  institution:  census  on  day  of  visit,  daily  average. 
Medical  attendance:  number  of  doctors,  trained  nurses,  attendants, 

whole  number  of  paid  employees. 
Classification:  sex,  refinement,  abihty  to  work,  physical  defects, 

disease. 
Institution  work  done  by  inmates:  number  of  inmate  helpers, 

other  kinds  of  work  provided. 


APPENDIXA  89 

Day-room:  for  men,  for  women. 

How  amused:  books,  magazines,  other  amusements. 

Kind  of  clothing  and  bedding:  frequency  of  changes. 

Individual  clothing,  possessions,  and  places  to  keep  them. 

Cleanliness  of   dormitories,   of  bedrooms,   home-like   appearance, 

privacy. 
Frequency  of  bathing. 
Quahty,  preparation  and  serving  of  food. 
Unsuitable  cases:  children,  feeble-minded,  epileptic,  etc. 
Government  of  institution:  support,  cost,  outside  supervision  given. 
Your  impression  of  the  spirit  of  the  institution. 

II.    Penitentiary  or  Prison 

1 .    Buildings 

Date  and  plan  of  institution:  material,  surrounded  by  walls,  num- 
ber of  acres,  condition  of  grounds. 

Number  of  buildings,  number  of  stories:  in  administration  building, 
in  cell  blocks. 

Size  and  form  of  windows. 

Position  and  number  of  shops,  sanitation,  working  power  in  shops. 

Fire  protection:  adequate  or  inadequate. 

Number  of  cells,  number  of  tiers  in  cell  block,  fixtures  and  furniture 
in  cell. 

Ventilation  in  cell:  direct  hght  and  air. 

Ventilation  of  corridors,  utihty  corridors  between  rows  of  cells. 

Method  of  heating  and  Hghting. 

Size  of  cells  in  different  blocks :  whitewashed,  painted,  enameled. 

Construction  of  cell  door,  method  of  locking. 

Number  of  cells  occupied  by  one  person,  by  two;  number  of  dormi- 
tories. 

Bathing  facihties:  bath  tubs,  shower  baths,  water-closets,  condition 
of  same. 


90  APPENDIXA 

2,    Inmates 

Kind  of  inmates  received:  age  and  nationality,  number  of  men,  of 
women,  and  of  minors. 

Capacity  of  institution:  census  day  of  visit,  daily  average,  men, 
women. 

Length  of  sentence:  determinate,  indeterminate. 

Classification:  color,  age,  sex,  in  quarters,  and  at  work. 

Parole. 

System  of  transfer  to  other  institutions. 

Punishments:  solitary  confinement,  deprivation  of  food,  dark  or 
padded  cells,  cHpped  hair. 

Progressive  classification  scheme  on  basis  of  merit. 

System  of  identification:  Bertillon,  finger  print. 

Provision  against  escape :  striped  clothes. 

Education,  exercise,  time  spent  out  of  doors. 

Recreation,  church,  Sunday  school,  visits,  letter  writing,  library, 
games. 

Medical  examination,  mental  examination,  hospital  accommo- 
dations. 

Physical  defects,  treatment  of  same. 

Kind  of  bedding,  frequency  of  changes. 

Cleanhness  of  cells,  of  institution  in  general. 

Frequency  of  bathing. 

Quality  of  food,  sufficiency,  preparation  and  serving,  on  china,  on 
tin-ware. 

Is  talking  allowed  at  meals  and  at  work. 

Kinds  of  industries,  hours  of  work,  number  of  men  and  women  em- 
ployed, compensation. 

Disposition  of  product. 

Labor  supplied  to  outside  institutions,  or  by  contract. 

Number  of  prisoners  detailed  to  do  work  of  institution.  Number  of 
paid  guards  and  other  employees. 

Caliber  of  employees,  quality  of  their  maintenance,  quarters,  etc. 


APPENDIXA  91 

Appointment  and  discharge  of  employees. 

Cost  of  institution:  per  capita,  maintenance,  sustenance. 

Outside  supervision. 

Your  impression  of  the  spirit  and  the  purpose  of  the  institution. 

III.    Orphan  Asylum  or  Home  for  Children 

1,    Buildings 

Date  and  plan  of  institution:  material,  cottage  or  congregate,  number 

of  acres. 
Number  of  cottages. 
Number  of  children  in  each  cottage. 
Number  of  stories:    in  administration  building,    in  cottages,   in 

dormitory  building. 
Fire  escapes:  adequate  or  inadequate. 

Number  of  dormitories,  number  of  beds,  number  of  single  rooms. 
Air  space  per  bed  (600  cubic  feet,  more,  less),  separation  of  beds 

(passages  two  feet  in  width  are  required  by  law). 
Method  of  heating,  ventilation,  hghting. 
Bathing  facihties:  bath  tubs,  shower  baths,  water-closets,  condition 

of  same. 
Water  supply:  adequate  or  inadequate,  source. 

2.     Care  of  Children 
Method  of  admission  and  discharged,  age,  number  of  boys  and  of 

girls. 
Capacity  of  institution:  daily  average,  census  day  of  visit. 
Medical    examination:    hospital,    treatment    of    physical    defects, 

records  kept  of  weight  and  height. 
Classifications:  age,  school  grade,  moral  or  physical  considerations. 
Method  of  choice  for  cottage  life. 

Individual  clothing,  possessions,  and  places  to  keep  them. 
Work  done  by  children:  monotonous  or  varied. 
Cleanhness  of  institution. 


92  APPENDIXA 

Children  supported  outside  institution:  inspection  of  these. 
Quality,  preparation  and  serving  of  foods,  quantity  of  milk  supplied 

daily. 
Disicipline,  rewards  (Honor  Cottage  and  others)  amount  of  socia- 

bihty  allowed,  amount  of  outside  intercourse. 
Exercise,  recreation. 
Education:  public  school,  school  in  institution,  rehgious  education, 

special  education. 
Industrial  training:   positions  secured  through  institution  when 

leaving. 
Records  kept:  complete,  accurate  and  accessible. 
Follow-up  work. 
Government  of  institution:  support,  cost,  pubhc  funds,  outside 

supervision. 
Powers  of  the  superintendent:  appointment  and  discharge  of  em- 
ployes, number  of  these,  their  inteUigence  and  refinement. 
Unique  features  of  the  institution,  particular  excellencies  or  defects. 
Your  impression  of  the  spirit  in  the  institution,  and  its  adequacy  in 

preparing  children  for  life. 

rV.     Reformatory  for  Children 

1,    Buildings 
Date  and  plan  of  institution:  material,  surrounded  by  walls,  number 

of  acres,  condition  of  grounds. 
Number  of  stories:  in  administration  building,  in  dormitories. 
Size  and  form  of  windows,  barred  or  open. 

Position  and  number  of  shops,  sanitation,  working  power  in  shops. 
Fire  protection:  adequate  or  inadequate. 
Number  and  character  of  dormitories,  number  of  beds,  method  of 

supervision  in  dormitories. 
Method  of  heating,  lighting  and  ventilating  dormitories  and  cells. 
Bathing  faciUties:  bath  tubs,  shower  baths,  water-closets,  condition 

of  same. 


APPENDIXA  93 

£.    Inmates 

Method  of  admission  and  discharge,  age  and  nationality;  number  of 

boys,  of  girls,  of  deUnquent,  of  destitute  and  of  deficient. 
Capacity  of  institution:  census  day  of  visit;  daily  average,  boys, 

girls. 
Classification:  sex,  age,  color;  moral  quaUties,  in  quarters,  at  work 

and  at  school. 
Progressive  classification  scheme  on  basis  of  merit,  marking  system. 
Parole,  system  of  transfer  to  other  institutions. 
Punishment:  solitary  confinement,  dark  or  padded  cells,  corporal 

punishment,  deprivation  of  marks  or  special  privileges,  marks, 

chpped  hair. 
System  of  indentification,  provision  against  escape. 
Education:  schools,  hours,  trade  instruction,  length  of  stay  in  trade 

class. 
Same  or  varied  labor  from  time  of  admission  to  release. 
Daily  schedule,  military  drill. 

Recreation:  games,  library,  visits,  exercise,  time  spent  out-of-doors. 
Medical  examination,  mental  examination,  hospital  accommodation. 
Physical  defects,  treatment  of  same,  records  of  weights  and  height. 
Individual  clothing,  possessions  and  place  to  keep    them. 
Kind  of  bedding,  frequency  of  change,  cleanliness  of  institution, 

frequency  of  bathing. 
QuaUty  of  food,  sufficiency,  preparation  and  serving  on  china,  table- 
cloths and  napkins  provided. 
Talking  allowed  at  meals  and  at  work.    Do  children  march  to  same 

in  squads. 
Number  of  children  detailed  to  do  work  of  institution. 
Number  and  caHber  of  paid  employees,  appointment  and  discharge  of 

same. 
Government  of  institution,  support,  cost,  pubUc  funds. 
Outside  supervision. 
Your  impression  of  the  spirit  of  the  institution. 


94  APPENDIXA 

V.     Tenement    House 

Date  of  visit. 

Type  of  building,  height  by  number  of  stories,  window  in  public 

hallway  to  outer  air. 
Adequate  fire  protection:  fire-proof  cellar  ceiling,  fire  escapes  and 

egress  to  roof. 
Proportion  of  lot  covered  by  building,  size  of  yard. 
ClearJiness,  ventilation,  light  of  halls,  stairway  and  cellars. 
Air  shaft :  cover,  size,  opening  at  bottom  for  draft,  means  to  remove 

rubbish.  Cleanliness. 
If  stores  in  tenement  generally  inspect. 
Condition  of  street  in  front  of  house,  condition  of  garbage  cans, 

provided  by  landlord  or  tenant. 

Interior  of  Buildings 
Running  water  in  the  apartment,  wash  tubs  in  kitchen,  bath  tub. 
Position  of  toilet,  yard,  hall  or  apartment  and  ventilation  of  same. 
Number  of  rooms  in  apartment,  number  of  rooms  opening  to  the 

hall  and  into  each  other. 
Window  opening  to  outer  air  in  each  room,  court,  yard,  street. 
Number  of  persons  sleeping  in  rooms,  condition  of  walls  and  floors. 

EXPLANATION   OF   TENEMENT  HOUSE   LAW 

A  tenement  house  is  any  house  occupied  as  a  home  or  residence 
of  three  f amiUes  or  more,  living  independently  of  each  other,  and 
doing  their  own  cooking  on  the  premises.  Such  houses  are  controlled 
and  supervised  by  the  Tenement  House  Department. 

Houses  containing  one  or  two  families  are  under  the  control  of  the 
Board  of  Health,  which  also  has  charge  of  contagious  diseases. 

Types  of  Tenement  Buildings  with  their  Dates 
Converted  House,  1834.    Railroad  Type,  in  which  only  the  front 
and  back  rooms  receive  any  direct  Ught  or  air,  four  and  six  rooms  deep 
1860.    Houses  with  small  air  shafts,  4x5  feet,  which  furnish  Ught  and 


APPENDIXA  95 

ventilation  to  three  interior  rooms,  1870.  Rear  tenements.  Dumb- 
bell, practically  the  sole  type  of  building  erected  from  1899-1901. 
Model  Tenements,  from  1870-1915. 

After  the  enactment  of  the  tenement  house  law  in  1901  all  New 
Law  tenements  had  to  conform  with  certain  requirements.  They 
must  have  adequate  fire  protection,  fire-proof  cellar  ceiUng,  fire 
escapes  and  egress  to  roof  and  public  hallways  with  window  to  the 
outer  air.  Every  room  must  have  a  window  to  a  large  court,  a  yard, 
or  the  street.  There  must  be  a  sink,  with  running  water  and  a  toilet 
inside  of  each  apartment  and  used  by  only  one  family.  Yards  must 
be  12  feet  in  depth  behind  a  tenement  60  feet  high,  10  feet  in  depth 
behind  a  tenement  on  corner  lot;  90  per  cent,  of  a  corner  lot  only  to 
be  covered  with  buildings,  70  per  cent,  of  any  other  lot.  Fire 
escapes  must  have  a  slanting  ladder  with  hand  rail;  no  tenements 
under  six  stories  in  height  are  required  to  be  fire-prood.  No  airshaft 
must  be  less  than  25  square  feet  in  area  or  covered  by  a  skylight. 
A  basement  is  a  story  partly,  but  not  more  than  one-half  below  the 
level  of  the  curb;  a  cellar  is  a  story  more  than  one-half,  below  the  curb. 
Special  permit  from  the  Tenement  House  Department  is  required 
before  a  building  can  be  used  for  living  purposes.  A  window  opening 
on  a  shaft  or  court  28'  wide,  60'  long,  84'  feet  high,  enclosed 
on  four  sides  is  deemed  to  open  to  the  outer  air.  Every  room 
not  opening  upon  the  outer  air  must  have  a  sash  window  3x5 
feet  opening  into  an  adjoining  room  in  the  same  apartment,  which 
either  opens  directly  upon  the  street  or  yard,  or  connects  by  a  similar 
sash  window  or  series  of  windows  with  such  an  outer  room.  An  alcove 
opening  of  the  same  size  is  deemed  the  equivalent  of  the  sash  window. 

*Consult  The  Tenement  House  Problem;  de  Forest  and  Veiller. 


96  APPENDIXB 


APPENDIX  B 

EXCURSIONS  ARRANGED   ACCORDING  TO 
GEOGRAPHICAL  DISTRICTS 

Blackwell's  Island:  New  York  City  Home  for  Aged  and  Infirm; 
New  York  City  Penitentiary;  The  Workhouse. 

Randall's  Island:  New  York  City  Children's  Hospitals  and 
Schools;  The  House  of  Refuge. 

Staten  Island:  New  York  City  Farm  Colony;  Sea  View  Hospital; 
Castleton  Corners. 

Lower  East  Side:  Crippled  Children's  East  Side  School,  157  Henry 
St.,  Church  of  the  Sea  and  Land,  61  Henry  St. ;  Henry  Street  Settle- 
ment, 265  Henry  St.;  Milk  Station,  122  Mulberry  St.;  Public  School 
No.  20,  Rivington  and  Forsyth  Sts.;  Tenement  Houses,  routes 
one  and  two.  Orchard  and  Pell  Sts. 

East  22d  and  26th  Streets:  Children's  Court,  137  East  22d  St.; 
Russell  Sage  Foundation  Building,  130  East  22d  St.;  United  Charities 
Building,  105  East  22d  St.;  Manhattan  Trade  School,  209  East 
23d  St.;  Elementary  and  Trade  School  for  the  Deaf,  225  East  23d 
St.,;  School  Lunch,  225  East  23d  St.;  Municipal  Lodging  House, 
432  East  25th  St.;  Tuberculosis  Class,  Ferry  boat  foot  of  East  26th 
St. 

East  57th  St.  to  68th  St. :  New  York  Association  for  the  BUnd,  111 
East  59th  St.;  Foundling  Hospital,  175  East  68th  St.;  Domestic 
Relations  Court,  Magistrates  Court;  151  East  57th  St. 

East  78th  St.:  Home  Hospital,  78th  St.  and  East  River;  Junior 
League  House,  78th  St.  and  East  River;  Boats  for  Blackwell's  Island, 
leave  East  70th  St. 

Greenwich  Village:  Greenwich  House,  26  Jones  St.;  Public  School 
No.  95,  10  Clarkson  St. 


APPENDIXB  97 

West  33rd  St.  to  54th  St.:  Classes  for  Blind  Children,  Public 
School  No.  17,  327  West  47th  St.;  Classes  for  Crippled  Children 
and  Ungraded  Classes,  Public  School  No.  125,  West  54th  St.; 
Tuberculosis  CHnic,  307  West  33rd  St.;  New  York  Institute  for  the 
Education  of  the  Blind,  34th  St.  and  9th  Ave. 


98 


ALPHABETICAL  INDEX  OF  AGENCIES 

PAGE 

Bedford  Reformatory  for  Women,  see  State  Reformatory 

for  Women 65 

Bureau  of  Social  Hygiene 74 

Children's  Courts 14 

Children's  Village,  see  New  York  Juvenile  Asylum    ...  64 
Classes  in  the  Public  Schools  for: 

Anaemic 28 

BHnd 7 

Crippled 20 

Deaf 23 

Tubercular 76 

Ungraded 27 

City  Home,  see  New  York  City  Home  for  the  Aged  and 

Infirm 6 

City  Magistrates'  Courts 17 

City  Prison  of  Manhattan,  see  Tombs 54 

Clinics  for  Tuberculosis 77 

Crippled  Children's  East  Side  Free  School 22 

Domestic  Relations  Courts 16 

Elementary  and  Trade  School  for  the  Deaf 23 

Ellis  Island,  see  United  States  Immigration  Station  ...  46 

Greenwich  House  Settlement 71 


I  N-D  EX           ^..       .       »         *         \  99 

PAGE 

Hebrew  Orphan  Asylum  of  the  City  of  New  York     ...  50 
Hebrew  Sheltering  Guardian  Society  of  New  York                .51 

Henry  Street  Settlement 72 

Home  Hospital 80 

House  of  Refuge 61 

Junior  League  House 41 

Magistrates'  Courts,  see  City  Magistrates'  Courts.    ...  17 

Manhattan  Trade  School  for  Girls 29 

Milk  Stations         39 

Municipal  Lodging  House 42 

New  York  Association  for  the  Blind 9 

New  York  Catholic  Protectory 62 

New  York  City  Children's  Hospitals  and  Schools      ...  26 

New  York  City  Farm  Colony 5 

New  York  City  Home  for  the  Aged  and  Infirm    ....  6 

New  York  County  Penitentiary 55 

New  York  Foundling  Hospital 38 

New  York  Institute  for  the  Education  of  the  Blind     ...  9 
New  York  Institution  for  the  Instruction  of  the  Deaf  and 

Dumb 24 

New  York  Juvenile  Asylum 64 

Night  Court  for  Women 19 

Orphan  Asylum  Society  in  the  City  of  New  York      ...  53 

Penitentiary,  see  New  York  County  Penitentiary      .      .      .55 

PubUc  Schools: 

No.  20 30 

No.  45 32 

No.  95 34 


100  2  N  D  Jfl  y 

Page 

Russell  Sage  Foundation  Building 68 

Saint  Bartholomew's  Parish  House  and  Clinic      ...  11 

School  Lunch  Service             35 

Sea  and  Land  Church 13 

Sea  View  Hospital 81 

Sing  Sing  Prison 57 

State  Reformatory  for  Women,  Bedford  Hills       ....  65 

Tenement  Houses  in  New  York  City 44 

Tombs,  The 54 

United  Charities  Building 83 

United  States  Immigration  Station 46 

Vocational  School  for  Boys 36 

Workhouse,  The 60 


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